Unit 3: AOS 2 Flashcards
Learning
process of acquiring knowledge, skills or behaviours through experience
Classical conditioning:
a process of learning through the involuntary association between neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus that results in a conditioned response
Before conditioning:
REAL EXAMPLE/TEMPLATE: The neutral stimulus (NS) notification sound leads to no response. The unconditioned stimulus (UCS) message/notification from friend leads to the unconditioned response (UCR) feelings of excitement.
During conditioning
REAL EXAMPLE/TEMPLATE: The NS notification sound must be presented immediately before the UCS message notification from a friend, which are repeatedly paired which results in the UCR feelings of excitement.
After conditioning
REAL EXAMPLE/TEMPLATE: The NS is now the conditioned stimulus (CS) notification sound and the UCR is now the conditioned response (CR) feelings of excitement.
Social-cognitive approaches to learning:
theories that propose learning takes place in a social setting and involves various cognitive processes
Observational learning
a process of learning that involves watching the behaviour of a model and the associated consequence of that behaviour
o Learning occurs indirectly through observation
o Cognition is necessary (thinking and memory)
o Learner has an active role
Observational learning steps
- attention
- retention
- reproduction
- motivation
- reinforcement
Attention
the first stage of the observational learning in which individuals actively focus on the model’s behaviour and the consequence of the behaviour
Retention
the second stage of observational learning in which individuals create a mental representation to remember the model’s demonstrated behaviour
Reproduction
the third stage of observational learning in which the individual must have the physical and mental capabilities to replicate this behaviour
Motivation
the fourth stage of observational learning in which the individual must want/desire to reproduce the behaviour
Reinforcement
the fifth stage of observational learning in which the individual receives a positive consequence for the behaviour which makes them more likely to reproduce the behaviour in the future
Self-reinforcement
the behaviour is reinforced through factors internal to the individual
External reinforcement
the behaviour is reinforced by factors external to the individual
Vicarious reinforcement
behaviour is reinforced by overserving the reinforcement of another person performing the same behaviour. This can enhance the individual’s motivation and make them more likely to reproduce the behaviour again in the future, despite not being directly reinforced themselves
System of knowledge:
knowledge and skills are based on the interconnected social, physical and spiritual understandings, and in turn, inform survival and contribute to a strong sense of identity
Aboriginal Learning Framework …
story sharing
learning maps
non-verbal
symbols and images
land links
non-linear
deconstruct/reconstruct
community links
Story sharing:
learning takes place through narrative and story-sharing
Learning maps
planning and visualising processes and knowledge
Non-verbal
sharing knowledge through non-verbal means, including dance, art and observation
Symbols and images:
learning through images, symbols and metaphors
Land links
learning and knowledge are inherently linked to nature, land and Country