Unit 3 AoS 1 - Energy and Fuels

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The ability to do work, the mover of substances

Question 2

What is a fuel?

Answer 2

A material burned to produce heat or energy

Question 3

What is a fossil fuel?

Answer 3

A fuel sourced from the earth that takes thousands of years to form. Is non renewable.

Question 4

What is a biofuel?

Answer 4

A renewable source of energy used as a substitute for common fossil fuels. is prodiced from waste plant materials, allowing for it to be replenished in a short period of time.

Question 5

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 5

A reaction that releases more energy than supplied, producing heat. Has a negative H value.

Question 6

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 6

A reaction that releases less energy than is supplied, becoming cold. Has a positive H value

Question 7

What is the activation energy?

Answer 7

The amount of energy needed to initiate the reaction

Question 8

What does a catalyst do to reactions?

Answer 8

Offers an alternative reaction pathway that lowers activation energy, and speeding up the reaction.

Question 9

What is the unit energy is measured in?

Answer 9

Joules (J)

Question 10

What indicates a thermochemical equation?

Answer 10

When the heat term is included

Question 11

What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Answer 11

CO2 and H2O

Question 12

What are the products of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon?

Answer 12

CO2, H2O, CO, and/or C

Question 13

What are the properties of all gasses?

Answer 13

They have low densities, fill any container completely and uniformly, are compressible, have uniform pressure, and diffuse easily.

Question 14

What are the factors of Standard Laboratory Coniditions (SLC)?

Answer 14

Temp: 25*C (298 K) Pressure: 100kPa

Question 15

What is the molar volume of gasses at SLC?

Answer 15

24.8L

Question 16

What is the general gas equation?

Answer 16

P(ressure in kPa) x V(olume in Litres) = n(moles) x R(8.31) x T(emp in Kelvin)

Question 17

What is Gay Lussac’s Law?

Answer 17

When gasses react, the volume in which they react and the volume of the gaseous products are in ratio of simple whole numbers (moles coefficients)

Question 18

What is a REDOX reaction?

Answer 18

Reduction-oxidation reactions, tranferance of elections

Question 19

What is the common expression to remember REDOX reactions?

Answer 19

OIL RIG: Oxidation is loss, reduction is gain

Question 20

What is a Galvanic Cell?

Answer 20

A spontaneous REDOX reaction that generates electrical energy from chemical energy

Question 21

What are the components of a galvanic cell?

Answer 21

Electrodes, electrolytes, salt bridge

Question 22

What does oxidation occur?

Answer 22

At the annode (AN OX)

Question 23

Where does reduction occur?

Answer 23

At the cathode (RED CAT)

Question 24

How are hald-equations balanced?

Answer 24

1. Balance elements other than hydrogen and Oxygen
2. Balance oxygen by adding water
3. balance hydrogen atoms with H+ ions
4. balance electrical charge using electron

Question 25

How to determine the annode and cathode using the electrochemical series

Answer 25

Find where each half-cell is on the electrochemical series. The highest one is the least reactive and is reduce, whilst the lowest one is the most reactive and is oxidised. draw backward C shape from top to bottom

Question 26

What is the standard cell potential equation?

Answer 26

Ecell = Eoxidant - Ereductant

Question 27

What are fuel cells?

Answer 27

Electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy and heat. Are spontaneous

Question 28

what are the common design feature of fuel cells?

Answer 28

Have prous electrodes for gaseous reactants and have a continous supply of reactants

Question 29

What are certain qualities of fuel cells that must be considered?

Answer 29

Safety, fuel supply and sotrage, production of greenhouse gases and applications.