Unit 3 (Ancient Egypt) Flashcards
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Cartouche</p>
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An overall frame which surrounds hieroglphs that make up the name of an egyption god or royal person</p>
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Cataract</p>
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Wild river rapids formed by boulders and narrow cliffs</p>
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Civil War</p>
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A war between two groups or region in the same country or nation</p>
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Delta</p>
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A triangle shaped deposit of rich soil at a rivers mouth.</p>
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Dynasty</p>
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A family or a group of people that rules for several generations; a line of rulers that passes power from father to son</p>
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Hieroglyphics</p>
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An Egyption writing system in which picture symbols stand for meanings or sounds</p>
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Monotheism</p>
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A belief in one god</p>
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Nile River</p>
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The river that ancient Egypt civilization was built around; the longest river in the world</p>
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Obelisk</p>
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<br></br>
A pillar-shaped stone monument</p>
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Papyrus</p>
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Reed plant used to make paper</p>
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Pharaoh</p>
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Ruler of Egypt, believed to be a child of Re, the Egyption god</p>
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Pyramid</p>
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A structure built to house tombs of pharaohs and other important nobles; entrance always faced north</p>
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Polytheism</p>
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A belief in more than one god</p>
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Rosseta Stone</p>
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A stone used to translate Egyption hieroglyphics, containing writing on it in two languages (Egyption and Greek), using the three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic, and greek)</p>
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Social Pyramid</p>
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A representation of the social structures of ancient Egypt, Pharaoh is at the top, laborers and slaves are at the bottom</p>
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Where is ancient Egypt located?</p>
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Egypt is located in Northwest Africa</p>
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How big is the Sahara Desert?</p>
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Bigger than the United states in area</p>
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What direction does the Nile flow?</p>
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It flows North</p>
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How do the floods of the Nile River affect Egypt?</p>
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It deposited silt, replenishing the soild with nutrients</p>
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What is a delta?</p>
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A triangular shaped deposit of rich soil at a river's mouth</p>
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Is the Nile river delta a good place to grow crops? Why or Why not?</p>
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The Nile River is very fertile & great for growing crops</p>
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Which two bodies of water surround the Sinai Peninsula?</p>
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The Mediterranain Sea to the North & the Red sea to the south</p>
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Which direction is lower Egypt located when looking at a map?</p>
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North</p>
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How did Lower Egypt get it's name?</p>
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It got its name because of the low-lying land that formed the Nile river delta</p>
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How did Upper Egypt get its name?</p>
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It got its name because it is upstream of the Nile River delta & the land is more elevated</p>
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In Upper Egypt, is the Nile river easy waterway to navigate? Why or Why not?</p>
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It is hard because of cataracts (rapids)</p>
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What natural barriers protected Egypt from invaders?</p>
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• The Mediterranian Sea to the North</p>
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• The Sahara desert to the west</p>
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• The red Sea to the east</p>
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In ancient Egypt where did most of the population live?</p>
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As populations grew, rivers along the river expanded</p>
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How did the Ancient Egyptions create more farmland to support the growing population?</p>
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They developed irrigation systems to create more fertile land</p>
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How did the Nile river affect the way people in Ancient Egypt traveled?</p>
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The Nile river served as a highway</p>
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What was papyrus used for?</p>
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Papyrus grew along the river & it is used to make paper</p>
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What is an "Egyptologist"?</p>
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A scientist who studies Egypt</p>
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How did the architect believe that the workers got the stones to the top of the pyramid?</p>
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By using an internal ramp</p>
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What was the wooden sled used for?</p>
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To haul stone blocks</p>
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How long did it take to construct the great pyramid?</p>
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20 years</p>
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How did technology help the architect figure out how the pyramid was constructed?</p>
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It helped to find the different densities of the pyramid</p>
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Originally, Ancient Egypt was made up of two kingdoms. What were they?</p>
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Lower Egypt & Upper Egypt</p>
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When were the two kingdoms united? Who united them?</p>
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In 3100 BCE, King Menes (The first Pharaoh) united both Lower Egypt & Upper Egypt</p>
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What 3 time period is Ancient Egyptian history divided into?</p>
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Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, & New Kingdom</p>
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How would you describe the Old Kingdom?</p>
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• A time of peace and prosperity</p>
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• Known as the "Age of the Pyramids"</p>
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List two facts from the Middle Kingdom.</p>
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• Started when Amenemhet ended the rebellions after the Old Kingdom</p>
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• He rebuilt a strong central government</p>
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• Increased trade with neighbors</p>
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Who was Hatshepsut? What did she do for Egypt?</p>
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• Hatshepsut was the first female rule, & increased Egypt's wealth</p>
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• She traded for things that Egypt needed</p>
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Eventually the Egyption government lost power & the civilization began to decline. Who conquerd Egypt?</p>
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The Assyrians and the Persians around 1075 BCE</p>
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Explain how the Nile River impacted Egypt.</p>
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- Flooded each summer, leaving behind silt. This was great for growing crops</p>
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- This is why cities were centered along the Nile River (this is where the food was)</p>
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- The Nile River was a highway and allowed for transportation from town to town</p>
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Explain how the Red Sea/ Mediterrainian Sea Impacted Ancient Egypt.</p>
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- Protected Egypt from invaders<br></br>
- Salt water- humans could not drink or use to water crops</p>
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Explain how the Sahara desert impacted Ancient Egypts life.</p>
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- Protected Egypt from invaders<br></br>
- Without the Nile River, Egypt would be lifeless</p>
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Explain how Cataracts impacted Ancient Egypt life.</p>
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Strong river rapids that made travel along the Nile River difficult. Found in Upper Egypt</p>
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List Egypts main exports.</p>
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Wheat, Barley, Papyrus, & Linin</p>
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What is an export?</p>
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An object that is sold or sent to another place<br></br>
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What is an import?</p>
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An object that is bought or taken in</p>
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Why was trading important in Ancient Egyption Economy?</p>
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Egypt could trade what they had a surplus of and get items that they did not have</p>
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Who did Egypt trade with and what did they trade for? Also how did Egypt used those imports?</p>
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Lebanon -> Wood (cypress and cedar)</p>
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Homes, tools, boats, canoes, & furniture</p>
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Nubia -> Wood, Gold</p>
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Jewlery, homes, tools, boats, canoes, & furniture</p>
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Sinai -> Copper</p>
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Jewlery</p>
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Afghanistan -> Lapis lazuil (precious gems and jewelry)</p>
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Precious Gems, & Jewlery</p>
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Punt -> Incense</p>
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Good Smell, Symbol of wealth</p>
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Who was Egypts first pharaoh?</p>
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King Menes</p>
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What did King Menes accomplish in 3100 BCE?</p>
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In 3100 King Menes unified upper and lower Egypt</p>
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Why were the pharaohs able to hold so much power in Ancient Egypt?</p>
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The people of Egypt believed that the pharaoh was chosen by the gods to lead the people</p>
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Why should Hatshepsut be remembered?</p>
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- First female ruler in Egypt and the world<br></br>
- Promoted trade and expanded Egypt’s wealth<br></br>
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Why should Thutmose III be remembered?</p>
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-Strengthened Egypt’s military and expanded Egypt’s empire<br></br>
- Increased literature, art, and architecture<br></br>
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Why should Akhenaten be remembered?</p>
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- Changed Egyptian religion from polytheism to monotheism.</p>
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- After he died, Egyptians went back to polytheism</p>
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Re-create your own Ancient Egypt Social pyramid. Provide a description of each.</p>
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Pharaoh- King, leader.<br></br>
Government Officials/Priests- Collected taxes and constructing public buildings. Priests led religious ceremonies.<br></br>
Soldiers/Scribes- Soldiers defended Egypt from enemies. Scribes recorded court cases and tax records.<br></br>
Merchants/Craftsmen- Built tools and traded<br></br>
Farmers/Slaves- Responsible for planting and harvesting the food for the people of Egypt. Slaves had to do hard labor.</p>
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Why did the Egyptions mummify the dead?</p>
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To prepare the body for the afterlife in the underworld</p>
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What is the difference between polytheism and monotheism?</p>
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Polytheism - The belief in many gods</p>
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Monotheism - The belief in one god</p>
