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Social Studies (6th Grade) > Unit 2 (Early Humans and the Neolithic Revolution) > Flashcards

Unit 2 (Early Humans and the Neolithic Revolution) Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the first humans settle?

A

The first humans were living in East Africa.

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2
Q 
List the places that early humans migrated  to these dates:
150,000 BCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
80,000 BCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
40,000 BCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
15,000 BCE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

150,000 BCE - East Africa
80,000 BCE - Southwest Asia
40,000 BCE - Europe
15,000 BCE - North America

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3
Q

Why did the early humans migrate out of Africa?

A

Early humans moved out of Africa because the Earth’s climate changed a huge way. It got a great deal colder. This is known as the ice age. Hunter/Gatherers had to move because Africa turned into a desert. And the animals were moving away because of climate change, so hunters/gatherers followed the animals.

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4
Q

What is the significance of the Bering Land Bridge?

A

The Bering Land Bridge because it provided a passage from Siberia to Alaska or from Asia to North America.

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5
Q

Why were the early humans nomadic?

A

The early humans were nomadic because the early humans didn’t know about agriculture yet and they had only one food source then, animals. The early humans had to hunt the animals therefore they had to follow the animals which made them nomadic.

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6
Q

Why did nomadic people began traveling in societies together?

A

Humans began travelling in societies together because it improved the ability to survive

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7
Q

How did traveling together improve early humans’ lives?

A

Living in groups improved humans lives because there were large animals killed that were found, and it takes multiple humans to kill that one animal. You wouldn’t have to kill for another few days if you live in groups. Old men and woman who have a hard time eating are helped to eat.

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8
Q

What is another name of the Neolithic Revolution?

A

Agricultural Revolution

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9
Q

What transformation did early humans undergo during the Neolithic Revolution?

A

Early humans went from being hunters/gatherers to planting crops for food. This is also called the Agricultural Revolution.

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10
Q

How do we study prehistoric peoples who did not give us written records?

A

We study prehistoric people who did not give us written records by finding some artifacts left over and to find fossils of what prehistoric people used.

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11
Q

What were the three factors/basic needs that early humans took into consideration when forming the first settlements and civilization?

  1. ________________________
  2. ________________________
  3. _______________________
A
  1. Food
  2. Water
  3. Shelter
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12
Q

List 2 causes and effects of the Neolithic Revolution. Include an event that corresponds with each cause and effects

  1. Cause:________ Event:________ Effect:_______
  2. Cause:________ Event:________ Effect:_______
A
  1. Cause: The ending of hunting/gathering
    Event:
    Effect: Job Specialization
  2. Cause: The ending of hunting/gathering
    Event:
    Effect: The start of agriculture
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13
Q

Why is the Neolithic Revolution important in human history?

A

The Neolithic Revolution is important to human history because humans finally settled in one spot because humans learned how to plant plants & there became more job specialization, instead of hunting, and food was taken care of, people could do more job specialization.

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14
Q

List 4 early human tools and tell their material and primary use:

  1. Tool______ Material______ Primary Use_______
  2. Tool______ Material______ Primary Use_______
  3. Tool______ Material______ Primary Use_______
  4. Tool______ Material______ Primary Use_______
A
  1. Tool: Microlith
    Material: Stone
    Primary Use: Protection
  2. Tool: Needles
    Material: Bone
    Primary Use: Are used to improve clothing
  3. Tool: Hook
    Material: Bone
    Primary Use: Used to catch fish
  4. Tool: Fire
    Material: Stone
    Primary Use: Used for cooking and warmth
    Used to drive animals into a certain area for hunting
  5. Tool: Hearth
    Material: Stone
    Primary Use: Used for cooking, warmth and a central gathering place.
  6. Tool: Spears
    Material: Sticks + Stone Blades
    Primary Use: It was used for killing animals from far away
  7. Tool: Knife
    Material: Stone
    Primary Use: It was used to kill animals up close but sometimes the knife was thrown from afar which caused many injuries to humans
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15
Q

List the 7 characteristics of civilization and give a brief description or example for each.

  1. Characteristic________ Description________
  2. Characteristic________ Description________
  3. Characteristic________ Description________
  4. Characteristic________ Description________
  5. Characteristic________ Description________
  6. Characteristic________ Description________
  7. Characteristic________ Description________
A

• Cities- Large populations of people with specialized labor. Not a small group of people
• Job Specialization- People learn specific skills and become an expert in one area.
• Government- With so many people living together, leadership must:
-Make laws (establish order)
-Handle large scale projects (build roads, etc.)
-Establish defenses (armies)
• Advanced Technology (Public Works)- All advances, inventions, and processes created to make life easier. For everyone’s good. (ex. irrigation, walls to protect the city, road systems, government buildings, etc.)
• Writing- Formal, organized system. Used to keep track of their religion and beliefs. Used in government to keep track of their laws.
• Social Classes - Hierarchy based on what you can do. Over time, individuals inherited class status from their families.
• Religion- Organized system of beliefs. Religious leaders would conduct elaborate ceremonies to appease the gods.

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16
Q

Bronze Age

A

4500 - 500 BCE
A period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze

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17
Q

Hominin

A

Any of a family of two-legged primates including all forms of humans, extinct and living

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18
Q

Homo-Sapiens

A

The primate species to which modern humans belong

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19
Q

Hunter-gatherer

A

A member of a culture in which food is obtained by hunting, fishing, and foraging rather than by agriculture or animal domestication

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20
Q

Ice Age

A

A period from approximately 1 million - 10,000 BCE during which much of the Northern Hemisphere was covered by great ice sheets

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21
Q

Innovation

A

Invention or new idea

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22
Q

Migration

A

A movement to another place, often of a large group of people or animals

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23
Q

Neanderthal

A

A widespread form of early human being (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) whose skeletal remains were first found in Germany

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24
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A

10,000 - 2,000 BCE

The transformation of human societies from hunting and gathering to farming; also called the agricultural revolution

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25
Q

Nomadic

A

A person or people who are part of a tribe or group that moves from place to place without a permanent home

26
Q

Paleontologist

A

A scientist who studies prehistoric life forms using fossils

27
Q

Prehistoric

A

The time before time was recorded

28
Q

Scarcity

A

A state of something being in short supply

29
Q

Old Stone Age

A

2 million BCE-10,000 BCE

A period in human culture during which stones were used for tools such as hammers, axes, and cleavers

30
Q

What is the first era of the Stone Age?

A

Paleolithic

31
Q

Where do scientist believe early humans originated?

A

East Africa

32
Q

What is the name of the small triangular shaped blade of stone used in knives and spears developed during the Mesolithic Age?

A

Microlith

33
Q

What term means “Before recorded history”?

A

Prehistory

34
Q

What is another word for hunter-gatherers that moved from place-to-place?

A

Nomad

35
Q

How did humans migrate from Asia to North and South America before the ice caps melted?

A

Bering Land Bridge

36
Q

The “Agricultural Revolution” is also known as what?

A

Neolithic Revolution

37
Q

Where did humans start and then move to during the first human migration?

A

From Africa To Southwest Asia

38
Q

What term means “to make useful for humans” when referring to plants or animals?

A

Domesticate

39
Q

What term means “to become an expert in one area or at one job”?

A

Specialization

40
Q

Why did humans move northward out of Africa?

A

Climate Change

41
Q

The life of early humans is difficult to understand because they did not leave us…

A

Written Records

42
Q

Because this basic need was fulfilled during the Neolithic Revolution, humans were able to settle down and form towns and cities…

A

Food source

43
Q

List the 7 characteristics of a civilization

A
  • Cities
  • Government
  • Religion
  • Language/Writing
  • Job Specialization
  • Advanced Technology
  • Social Classes
44
Q

The first human societies formed around which activity?

A

Growing wild grasses (Agriculture)

45
Q

Hunter-Gatherers were nomadic. What does this mean?

A

They moved from place to place

46
Q

What is a synonym for agriculture?

A

Farming

47
Q

What is another word for something that is in short supply?

A

Scarcity

48
Q

Humans moved from Asia to North America across the Bering Land Bridge. What is another word for humans moving from one place to another?

A

Migration

49
Q

What is another term for a new idea or invention?

A

Innovation

50
Q

How did the Neolithic Revolution change human life?

A
  • Discovery of Agriculture
  • Humans settled in towns and cities
  • The beginning of civilizations
51
Q

Why is ancient Mesopotamia important to history?

A

○ It was the first civilization we know of
○ Mesopotamians contributed many innovations known to society such as a writing system, a calender, a law code, and the wheel.

52
Q

How did the fertile crescent get its name?

A

The Fertile Crescent is named as such because of its location between the fertile riverbeds of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. & the land shaped from the two rivers is shaped like a crescent.

53
Q

What does Mesopotamia mean?

A

“The land between two rivers”

54
Q

Why did Hammurabi create his first law code?

A

To make the laws public knowledge, to establish justice & to establish order

55
Q

Why is Hammurabi’s code significant to history?

A

He wrote the first set of written laws.

56
Q

Define Polytheistic.

A

The worshipping or believing in more than one god

57
Q

Describe a Mesopotamian City-State?

A

A city-state is an independent kingdom or state made up of a city and the surrounding lands it controls.

58
Q

What were the hanging gardens?

A

Nebuchadnezzar built the hanging gardens for his wife

59
Q

How did cuneiform revolutionize Mesopotamian society?

A

○ Farmers could plan future planting
○ Merchants could keep records of their trades
○ Laws can be put in writing

60
Q

Which two rivers did ancient Mesopotamia lie between?

A

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

61
Q

Why is Mesopotamia known as the “Cradle of Civilization?”

A

This is where the first civilizations began because of the discovery of agriculture.

62
Q

Outside of the Fertile Cresent, how would you describe the land of Southwest Asia?

A

Outside of the Fertile Crescent, the land is very dry and not good for growing crops

Social Studies (6th Grade) (9 decks)

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