Quarter 1 (CHEGG , Early Humans, Ancient Mesopotamia)

Question 1

What kinds of sources do Archaeologists use to learn about the past?

Answer 1

Primary & Secondary Sources

Question 2

How do we learn about prehistoric societies?

Answer 2

Fossils of plants and animals, seeds, and tools

Question 3

Who are Archaeologists? What do they do?

Answer 3

Archaeologists are social scientists who study how people lived in an earlier time by examining the remains of what those people made and used. Like detectives, archaeologists investigate the clues left behind in order to piece together a story. For archaeologists, it is the story of how ancient peoples lived.

Question 4

How is Archaeology defined today? How were Archaeologists defined in the past?

Answer 4

Today, archaeology is a science, but it did not start out this way. In the early 1900s, archaeologists were explorers, and they were often driven by curiosity or greed.

Question 5

How do Archaeologists examine a site?

Answer 5

1. Archaeologists often search for years before they find a site for a dig.
2. Once a site has been located, the archaeologists must deal with the climate, often working in exhausting heat or torrential downpours.
3. They then perform a variety of surveys to determine if the site has artifacts.
4. The next step is to recover any artifacts that may be at the site.
5. The artifacts that are found are also studied extensively.
6. Finally, the artifacts are recorded, reported, and often put on display.

Question 6

What is the meaning of protocol?

Answer 6

Rules

Question 7

Why do Archaeologists study fossils and artifacts?

Answer 7

Archaeologists study fossils and artifacts because they provide information about who lived in certain areas and when they lived there

Question 8

What do Archaeologists use to investigate artifacts?

Answer 8

Much of the work is done with much smaller instruments in order to avoid destroying remains or artifacts. Small, shovel-like instruments called trowels are used to remove small amounts of dirt. The dirt is sifted through a screen in an attempt to locate small items such as bone shards and pot fragments.

Question 9

What is the primary reason for archaeologists to study objects and fossils from the past?

Answer 9

For archaeologists, it is the story of how ancient peoples lived.

Question 10

What types of artifacts archaeologists who are interested in the culture of a civilization might want to discover?

Answer 10

Human and animal remains, tools, art, pottery, buildings, oral stories, and written documents

Question 11

What is Culture?

Answer 11

A shared set of practices and traditions that characterize a society or a group of people; a way of life for a group of people.

Question 12

Food and clothing and examples of culture. What are 5 more examples of culture?

Answer 12

Dance, religion, language hobbies, music, festivals, education, values, climate, government, laws, recreation/entertainment, & etc

Question 13

What is history?

Answer 13

Events from the past

Question 14

History is divided into which two era’s?

Answer 14

Common Era & Before Common Era

Question 15

What is economics?

Answer 15

Production, distribution, and the use of goods and services

Question 16

What are the 4 major types of economic systems?

Answer 16

Market Economy, Command Economy, Mixed Economy, & Traditional Economy

Question 17

What is geography?

Answer 17

The Study of the Earth

Question 18

What are the 5 themes of geography?

Answer 18

Location, Place, Region, Movement, & Human- Environment Interaction

Question 19

What is government?

Answer 19

An organization set up to make and enforce rules

Question 20

What are the 4 types of government we discussed in class?

Answer 20

Democracy, Communism, Monarchy, & Dictatorship

Question 21

Why is government necessary?

Answer 21

Without it there would be anarchy and as people/groups wipe each other out, in the end there would be only a few survivors.
Without it there is no reasonable civilization. There has to be rules, regulations and laws and govern. makes these and helps to enforce them.
Ask yourself … would I survive without the protection of a government, then look at countries without a stable one and what is happening to their people.

Question 22

Where did the first humans settle?

Answer 22

Mesopotamia

Question 23

Why did the early humans migrate out of Africa?

Answer 23

Early humans moved out of Africa because the Earth’s climate changed a huge way. It got a great deal colder. This is known as the ice age. Hunter/Gatherers had to move because Africa turned into a desert. And the animals were moving away because of climate change, so hunters/gatherers followed the animals.

Question 24

What is the significance of the Bering Land Bridge?

Answer 24

The Bering Land Bridge because it provided a passage from Siberia to Alaska or from Asia to North America.

Question 25

Why were the early humans nomadic?

Answer 25

The early humans were nomadic because the early humans didn’t know about agriculture yet and they had only one food source then, animals. The early humans had to hunt the animals therefore they had to follow the animals which made them nomadic.

Question 26

Why did nomadic people began traveling in societies together?

Answer 26

Humans began travelling in societies together because it improved the ability to survive

Question 27

How did traveling together improve early humans’ lives?

Answer 27

Living in groups improved humans lives because there were large animals killed that were found, and it takes multiple humans to kill that one animal. You wouldn’t have to kill for another few days if you live in groups. Old men and woman who have a hard time eating are helped to eat.

Question 28

What is another name of the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 28

Agricultural Revolution

Question 29

What transformation did early humans undergo during the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 29

Early humans went from being hunters/gatherers to planting crops for food. This is also called the Agricultural Revolution.

Question 30

How do we study prehistoric peoples who did not give us written records?

Answer 30

We study prehistoric people who did not give us written records by finding some artifacts left over and to find fossils of what prehistoric people used.

Question 31

What were the three factors/basic needs that early humans took into consideration when forming the first settlements and civilization?

1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. _______________________

Answer 31

1. Food
2. Water
3. Shelter

Question 32

Why is the Neolithic Revolution important in human history?

Answer 32

The Neolithic Revolution is important to human history because humans finally settled in one spot because humans learned how to plant plants & there became more job specialization, instead of hunting, and food was taken care of, people could do more job specialization.

Question 33

Explain Scarcity.

Answer 33

A state of something being in short supply

Question 34

List the 7 characteristics of a civilization

Answer 34

• Cities
• Government
• Religion
• Language/Writing
• Job Specialization
• Advanced Technology
• Social Classes

Question 35

Why is ancient Mesopotamia important to history?

Answer 35

○ It was the first civilization we know of
○ Mesopotamians contributed many innovations known to society such as a writing system, a calender, a law code, and the wheel.

Question 36

Where did the fertile cresent get its name?

Answer 36

This area is shaped like a crescent, & the area is fertile.

Question 37

What does “Mesopotamia” mean?

Answer 37

“The land between two rivers”

Question 38

Why did Hammurabi create his law code?

Answer 38

To make the laws public knowledge, to establish justice & to establish order

Question 39

Why is Hammurabi’s code significant to history?

Answer 39

He wrote the first set of written laws.

Question 40

Define Polytheistic.

Answer 40

The worshipping or believing in more than one god

Question 41

Describe a Mesopotamian City-State?

Answer 41

A city-state is an independent kingdom or state made up of a city and the surrounding lands it controls.

Question 42

What were the hanging gardens?

Answer 42

Nebuchadnezzar made them for his wife.

Question 43

How did cuneiform revolutionize Mesopotamian society?

Answer 43

○ Farmers could plan future planting
○ Merchants could keep records of their trades
○ Laws can be put in writing

Question 44

Which two rivers did ancient Mesopotamia lie between?

Answer 44

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Question 45

Why is Mesopotamia known as the “Cradle of Civilization?”

Answer 45

This is where the first civilizations began because of the discovery of agriculture.

Question 46

Outside of the Fertile Cresent, how would you describe the land of Southwest Asia?

Answer 46

Outside of the Fertile Crescent, the land is very dry and not good for growing crops