Unit 3 Flashcards
Reflexes, Kinesis, Taxis and Fixed action patterns
4 types of unlearned environment-behavior relations
Asimple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response
Reflex
To strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke
Elicit
A simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific innate, involuntary response
Unconditioned Reflex
Patellar reflex, eye blink reflex, lachrymal reflex, pupillary reflex, respiratory reflex, sneeze reflex, cough reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, salivation reflex, swallowing reflex, peristalsis reflex, reverse peristalsis reflex, reflex related to low/high temperature, reflex to loud sound, withdrawal reflex, activation
Examples of human reflexes
A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning
Unconditioned Stimulus
A response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning
Unconditioned Response
A temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus
Habituation
A reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response (or set of responses) as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or environmental context
Adaptation
A temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus
Potentiation
The tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus
Sensitization
A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response
Respondent Conditioning
A simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response
Conditioned Reflex
A stimulus that has no eliciting effect on behavior prior to being paired contingently with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus
Neutral Stimulus
A stimulus elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning (ontogenic provenance)
Conditioned Stimulus
A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning
Conditioned Response
Short delay, long delay, trace conditioning, simultaneous conditioning and backward conditioning
5 Respondent Conditioning Procedures
The ONSET of the CS must come first, 1-2 seconds before the ONSET of the US; very effective
Short Delay Conditioning
The ONSET ofthe CS must come first, up to 30 seconds before the ONSET of the US; usually effective
Long Delay Conditioning
The OFFSET of the CS must come before the ONSET of the US; sometimes effective
Trace Conditioning Procedure
CS and US occur at thesame time; usually not effective
Simultaneous Conditioning Procedure
The ONSET of the US must come before the ONSET of the CS; almost always ineffective
Backward Conditioning Procedure
A neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS) rather than with a US
Higher-Order Conditioning
Stimulus changes that are subtle, indistinct or difficult to discriminate, and stimuli that have a complex learning history associated with them
Stimuli likely to be ineffective as a CE
The process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US
Respondent Extinction
The unpairing of the CS and the US
The process of respondent extinction
The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex
Respondent Spontaneous Recovery
The spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus
Respondent Stimulus Generalization
Aimed to discover ways that infants learn emotional reactions, and once conditioned aimed to show how to eliminate them
The Little Albert Experiment
The Father of Behaviorism who discovered that emotional reactions can be learned and proposed ways to counter-condition phobias
John Watson
The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species
Phylogenic provenance
The effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in the environment.
Ontogenic provenance
