Unit 3 Flashcards
Manipulation of environmental events prior to the occurrence of target bx
Antecedent interventions
Generic and function-based
2 categories of antecedent interventions
Used to manipulate part of the contingency maintaining target bx
Function-based antecedent interventions
MO effects
Discriminative effects
Contingency-breaking effects
Restrict ability to engage in bx
4 underlying mechanisms of antecedent interventions
Alter consequence effectiveness to evoke or abate bx
MO effects
Alter discriminative control over bx
Discriminative effects
Break/weaken the contingent relation between problem bx &reinforcer
Contingency-breaking effects
Make it difficult or impossible to engage in problem bx
Restrict ability to engage in bx
Antecedent effect on bx
Momentary effect
Only use as a treatment plan component Combine with reinforcement proceduresInclude EXT/punishment if needed
3 considerations of antecedent interventions
Use of structural terms
Use of non-conceptually systematic terms
Failure to identify underlying mechanisms
Failure to use generalizable effects
4 common mistakes of antecedent interventions
Use functional rather than structural termsTie procedures to specific principles of bx
2 solutions to antecedent intervention mistakes
Defined by effects on bx, other stimuli, &role in functional relations
Functional terms
Defined by their “features”; not tied to principles of bx
Structural terms
Setting events
Ecological variables
2 types of structural terms
A temporally remote ,or extended, compound event
Setting event
Non-discrete stimuli overlap discrete antecedent-behavior relationships
Ecological variables
Discriminative control strategies Environmental enrichment Antecedent exercise Relaxation exercise Cushion antecedent predictors No not mention bad behavior Medical treatment Non-contingent restraints
8 generic antecedent interventions
Alters the discriminative control over behavior
Discriminative Stimulus Control Strategies
Develop SD for prosocial bx SDs for problem bx into SDs for prosocial bx & SΔs for problem bx
EOs for problem bx into SDs for prosocial bx
Transfer of discriminative control
4 types of discriminative control strategies
Non-contingent access to attention, items, and activities, etc. in target setting
Environmental enrichment
Non-contingently engaged in systematic exercise program
Antecedent exercise
Progressive relaxation
Behavioral relaxation
Relaxation exercises
Identify the event evoking problem bx and modify it to abate bx
Cushion antecedent predictors
Do not talk as if the person is not there
Do not mention bad behavior
Used for health-related issues and often treated by a physician
Medical treatment
Non-contingent addition of highly restrictive protective equipment
Non-contingent restraints
Preferred stimulus delivered at point in time without response requirement
Time-based schedules
Fixed time (VT) and variable time (VT)
2 types of time-based schedules
Does not necessarily increase prosocial replacement bx
Disadvantage of time-based schedules
Stimulus fading in Graduated exposure/desensitization Altering demands (many variations) Provide choice Time contingent escape Relocate client/others Move locale of activities
7 antecedent interventions for problem bx maintained by social negative reinforcement
Gradual changes of the antecedent stimulus while the response stays the same
Stimulus fading in
Create stimulus hierarchy and gradually introduce stimuli from least to most likely to evoke/elicit
Graduated exposure/desensitization
Alter timing
Embed demands
Provide assistance
Increase predictability
4 ways to alter demands
Deliver demands when an individual is not engaged in a preferred activity
Altering timing
Place demands in a context with SDs for SR+
Embed demands
Help the individual engage in difficult/non-preferred tasks
Provide assistance
Establish a routine or schedule to inform the individual of what is next
Increase predictability
Modify features of the task
Redesign curriculum
Use DI, PT, etc.
3 instructional modifications for escape maintained bx
Options of activities or tasks: order, time of day, who with, how to do it
Providing choice
Provide frequent breaks on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent escape
Move the client, others, and/or task
Relocate client/move locale of activities
Time-continent attentionDiscriminative stimulus control strategies
2 antecedent interventions for problem bx maintained by attention
Provide attention on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent attention
Salient stimulus introduced to signal increased availability of attention, then faded to natural cues
Discriminative stimulus control strategies
Time-contingent access to tangible items/activities
Antecedent intervention for problem bx maintained by access to tangibles
Provide access to materials/activities on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent access to tangible items/activities
Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
3 antecedent interventions for problem bx maintained by automatic reinforcement
Deliver competing stimuli on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
Deliver prescribed drugs &drug substitutes on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug substitutes
Gradually reduce some preferred feature of the restraint through fading
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
