Unit 3:

Question 1

Who discovered the chemical structure of DNA?

Answer 1

James Watson and Francis crick

Question 2

What name is given to the structure of DNA?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic

Question 3

Four nitrogenous bases in DNA:

Answer 3

1. Thymine
2. Cytosine
3. Adenine
4. Guanine

Question 4

What is complimentary base pairing?

Answer 4

Nucleutoid bases linked by an H bond. Guanine and cytosine are complimentary + adenine and thymine

Question 5

3 components of a nucleotide:

Answer 5

Sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate, and one of four bases (thymine, cytosine, guanine, adenine)

Question 6

Tay Sachs: and what is the treatment?

Answer 6

Caused by absence of hex-a (vital enzyme). No cure but treatments are available for symptom care. (Seizures, epilepsy, mucus buildup, physical care, feeding tubes)

Question 7

PKU:

Answer 7

Phenylketonuria. A rare genetic condition that causes amino acid (

Question 8

PKU treatment:

Answer 8

Special diet that limits food with phenylalanine or high protein. Babies need special formula called lofenalac.

Question 9

Sickle cell anemia:

Answer 9

The body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells (crescent or sickle shaped). They can block blood flow and cause clotting.

Question 10

Karyotype:

Answer 10

Representation of The number, size, shape of chromosomes in organism

Question 11

What can be learned from a karyotype?

Answer 11

It is easy to view abnormalities in the chromosomes (trisomy, missing chromosomes, mutations) that can cause problems in growth and development

Question 12

Polygenic traits:

Answer 12

Characteristic controlled by 2 or more genes located on different areas on different chromosomes. (Controlled by atleast 3 genes

Question 13

Traits are polygenic when:

Answer 13

When there is A wide variation in the trait

Question 14

How is a DNA fingerprint made?

Answer 14

Obtain cells (skin, hair, blood). DNA is extracted and purified and sequences using gel electrophoresis. (- charge is applied so proteins move towards + charge). Compared to sample

Question 15

What things can be cloned?

Answer 15

Plants, food, animals, body parts, drug production (animal proteins). To improve certain parts of something & to regrow human parts + medicine use

Question 16

Pedigree:

Answer 16

The recorded ancestry showing genealogy.

Question 17

Four changes in chromosome structure:

Answer 17

Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

Question 18

Deletion:

Answer 18

Mutation where part of chromosome or DNA is lost during replication

Question 19

Duplication;

Answer 19

Duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene

Question 20

Inversion:

Answer 20

Chromosome rearrangement where a segment of a chromosome is reduced end to end

Question 21

When does inversion occur::

Answer 21

When a single chromosome undergoes a breakage and rearrangement within itself

Question 22

Translocation:

Answer 22

Chromosomal segment is moved from one position to another (within the same Or to another chromosome)

Question 23

Amniocentesis:

Answer 23

Medical procedure where small amniotic fluid is sampled. used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. (Fetal infection and sex determination)

Question 24

Ultra sound:

Answer 24

Medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to produce picture inside the body.

Question 25

Chorionic villus sampling:

Answer 25

Prenatal diagnosis to determine chromosomal or genetic disorders in fetus by taking a small sample of cells from the placenta

Question 26

Fetoscopy:

Answer 26

Endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to fetus to the amniotic cavity, umbilical cord, and placenta

Question 27

Law of segregation

Answer 27

During production of gametes, 2 copies of each hereditary factors separate so offspring aqquire one factor from each parent

Question 28

Principle of dominance:

Answer 28

when individuals with contrasting traits are crossed, the offspring will have the dominant trait

Question 29

Monohybrid cross:

Answer 29

Different variations of a trait for one genetic chromosome of interest

Question 30

Dihybrid cross;

Answer 30

Cross between two different lines that differ in two observed traits

Question 31

Incomplete dominance:

Answer 31

Blending of dominant and recessive (pink Roses)

Question 32

Co dominance:

Answer 32

When alleles of heterozygote are fully expressed (Dalmatian)

Question 33

Law of assortment:

Answer 33

Alleles separate independently during formation of gametes. Traits are transmitted independently to offspring

Question 34

Somatic cell:

Answer 34

Any cell BUT REPRODUCTIVE

Question 35

Cytokinesis

Answer 35

Physical process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm into 2 daughter cells

Question 36

Haploid:

Answer 36

Single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 37

Meiosis:

Answer 37

Specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half (creating four haploid cells distinct from the parent cell)

Question 38

Random assortment:

Answer 38

the process where chromosome pairs align themselves at the middle of the cell

Question 39

Mutations:

Answer 39

Change or mistake made in gene sequence