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Bio 110 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Epidermis

A

Epithelial tissue, protection

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2
Q

Dermis

A

CT, temperature regulation sensory

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3
Q

Sub- Q

A

Insulating fat storage

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4
Q

What is the epidermis layer composed of

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Cells that produce keratin, tough fibrous protein and provides protection

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6
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin- pigment that protects against UV radiation

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7
Q

Tactile cells

A

Touch receptor cells, when compressed they will send signals to nerve endings

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8
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Immune function, if cut they will jump into action

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9
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer, continuous cell division, produces all other layers

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10
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Layer of around 8-10 keratinocytes

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11
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Filled with granules or keratin

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12
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only present in thick skin, lots of keratin , not live cells

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13
Q

Stratum corneum

A

20 layers of fat cell-remnants, continuously shed and replaced by cells in deeper strata

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14
Q

Dermis

A

Made up of two regions: papillary and reticular

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15
Q

Papillary region

A

Consists of areolar CT, with capillaries, tactile receptors, free nerve endings

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16
Q

Reticular region

A

Consists of dense irregular CT, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, glands

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17
Q

Sensory nerve fibers

A

Tactile info, detects pressure, vibration, cold

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18
Q

Motor nerve fibers

A

Blood flow, gland secretion

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19
Q

Dermal blood vessels

A

Supply nutrients to the epidermis and dermis, body temp regulation

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20
Q

SubQ layer

A

Attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs

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21
Q

Hair

A

Dead keratinized epidermal cells

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22
Q

What are the three parts of a hair

A

The shaft, the root , and the bulb

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23
Q

Nails

A

Composed of hard, keratinized epidermal cells located over the dorsal surfaces of the toes and fingers

24
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands

A

Connected to hair follicles, secrete an oily substance called sebum

25
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A

Secrete a watery solution, helps body cool and eliminate waste

26
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Located mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin and areolae, released during sexual activities

27
Q

Regeneration

A

Replacement of damaged cells with cells of the same type

28
Q

Fibrosis

A

Scar tissue, damaged cells are replaced by fibroblasts- collagen fibers

29
Q

What are the four stages of wound healing?

A

1) cut blood vessels bleed into the wound
2) blood clot forms, and leukocytes clean wound
3) blood vessels regrow and granulation tissue forms
4) epithelium regenerates and CT fibrosis occurs

30
Q

First degree burn

A

Involves only the epidermis, mild pain redness, no loss of skin function

31
Q

Second degrees burn

A

Destroys epidermis and part of dermis, some skin function is lost, redness, blisters, pain, edema

32
Q

Third degree burns

A

Epidermis dermis and subq layer

Most skin function is lost

33
Q

What are the four functions of the skeletal system

A

1) support and protection
2) assist body movements
3) participate in blood cell production
4) storage of mineral and energy reserves

34
Q

Long bone structure

A

Diaphysis- shaft of long bone
Epiphyses- distal and proximal ends
Metaphyses- areas where diaphysis and epiphyses join

35
Q

Compact bone

A

Strongest form of bone tissue

Resists stresses by weight and movement

36
Q

Spongy bone

A

Located within compact bone
Lighter
Support and protect red bone marrow

37
Q

Articular cartilage

A

The thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of long bones
Found where the bone forms a joint surface

38
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Makes up the intervertebral discs

39
Q

Periosteum

A

Is a tough sheath

Dense irregular CT on outside of bone

40
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults

41
Q

Endosteum

A

Is a membrane lines the medullary cavity

42
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Hemopoietic, contains reticular CT, immature blood cells, fat

43
Q

Where is red bone marrow located in children

A

In the spongy bone of most bones, medullary cavity of long bones

44
Q

Where is red bone marrow found in adults

A

In portions of the axial skeleton

Proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur

45
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Product of red bone marrow degeneration
Fatty substance
Fat storage

46
Q

Osetoprogenitor cells

A

Unspecialized one stem cells

47
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone building cells

48
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cell, mature osteoblasts

49
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large bone break down cells

50
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

Between osteons- leftover fragments of older osteons

51
Q

Lacunae

A

Small spaces between the lamellae which house the osteocytes

52
Q

Canaliculi

A

Small channels that connect lacunae

53
Q

Trabeculae

A

Thin column of lamellae, arranged in a lattice

54
Q

Ossification

A 
The process of forming new bone
Four steps are:
Initial formation 
Growth 
Remodelling 
Repair of fractures
55
Q

What are the four stages of bone repair

A

1) a fracture hematoma forms
2) fibrocartilaginous callus forms-collagen and dense CT
3) bony callus forms-osteoblasts increase, produces trabeculae
4) remodelling occurs- forms compact bone, osteoclasts remove excess bone tissue

Bio 110 (8 decks)

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