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Bio 110 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Allows a cell to maintain internal conditions of the cell

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2
Q

Phospholipids

A

Main structure, what the plasma membrane is made of, forms a lipid bilayer

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3
Q

Cholesterol

A

Strengthens the membrane, provides fluidity

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4
Q

Proteins: integral

A

Extend through bilayer

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5
Q

Proteins: peripheral

A

Attach to the surface

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6
Q

Selective permeability

A

Allows some substances to cross but not others

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue

A 
Tightly packed cells
No/very little blood vessels 
Forming surface layer 
Covers body and organ surfaces 
Lines body and organ cavities
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8
Q

Connective tissue

A 
Loosely packed cells
Lots of extra cellular matrix 
Lots of bloody vessels 
Covered by other tissues
Support and strengthens 
Energy reserves
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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single flat layer

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10
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium

A

Filtration and diffusion

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11
Q

Where do you find simple squamous epithelium tissue?

A

Alveoli in lungs
Lining of lymph vessels
Lining of blood vessels

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single cube layer

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13
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretion and absorption from glands and small ducts

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14
Q

Where do you find simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Thyroid gland

Surface of ovaries

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15
Q

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer with microvilli

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16
Q

What is the function of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion

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17
Q

Where do you find nonciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue

A

Lining of digestive tract and respiratory tract

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18
Q

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer with cilia

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19
Q

What is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Secretion of mucous and foreign particles

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20
Q

Where do you find ciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue

A

Bronchioles and Fallopian tubes

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21
Q

Nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer, varying in height

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22
Q

What is the function of nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Protection

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23
Q

Where do you find nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue

A

Rare-lining of male urethra

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24
Q

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer, varying in height with cilia

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25
What is the function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Protection
26
Where do you find ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue
Lining of larger airways | Nasal cavities
27
Stratified squamous epithelium
Multiple layers Basal layer cuboidal Apical layer squamous
28
What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium
Protection against strong friction forces | Protection from UV
29
Where do you find stratified squamous epithelium tissue
Epidermis of skin Lining of oral cavity Lining of vagina and anus
30
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Multiple layers, cube shaped
31
What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium
Protection and secretion
32
Where do you find stratified cuboidal epithelium
Ducts of exocrine glands
33
Stratified columnar epithelium
Multiple layers, columnar shape
34
What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium
Protection and secretion
35
Where do you find stratified columnar epithelium tissue
Ducts of salivary glands
36
Transitional epithelium
Multiple layers, shape changes depending on state of stretch
37
What is the function of transitional epithelium
Stretching and relaxing to accommodate urine volume change
38
Where do you find transitional epithelium tissue
Lining of urinary bladder
39
Fibroblasts
Produce and secrete fibers and ground substances
40
Chondrocytes
Cartilaginous cells
41
Adipocytes
Fat cells
42
Osteocytes
Bone cells
43
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Within blood
44
What are the three protein fibers of CT
Collagen Elastin Reticular
45
Collagen
Long fibers that are strong, flexible and resistant to pulling
46
Elastin
Stretch and recoil easily
47
Reticular
Support
48
Where can you find collagen
Tendons and ligaments
49
Where can you find elastin
Skin, arteries lungs
50
Where can you find reticular
Lymph nodes, spleen liver
51
What are the three types of loose CT
Areolar, adipose, reticular
52
Areolar
Viscous ground substance, fibroblasts, many blood vessels
53
Adipose
Closely packed adipocytes, many blood vessels
54
Reticular (loose CT)
Interlacing reticular fibers
55
What is the function of areolar
Strength protection support
56
What is the function of adipose
Reduce heat energy storage padding
57
What is the function of reticular
Forms a scaffolding to lymphatic organs
58
Where can you find areolar
Connects skin to underlying tissue
59
Where can you find adipose
Sub q layer | surrounding organs
60
Where can you find reticular
Spleen lymph nodes red bone marrow
61
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
62
Hyaline
Chondrocytes, collagen fibers
63
What is the function of hyaline
Providing a smooth surface for joint movement
64
Where can you find hyaline
End of long bones
65
Fibrocartilage
Thick bundles of collagen fibers
66
Elastic cartilage
Chondrocytes, elastic fibers
67
What is the function of fibrocartilage
Provides strength, shock absorber
68
Where can you find fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs, knee
69
What is the function of elastic cartilage
Strength and elasticity
70
Where can you find elastic cartilage
External ear
71
What are the three muscle types
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
72
Skeletal muscle
Movement of skeleton
73
Cardiac
Contracts heart to pump blood
74
Smooth
Contract internal organs and blood vessels
75
What are the three types of dense CT
Irregular, regular and elastic
76
Irregular
Fibroblasts and collagen fibers randomly arranged
77
What is the function of irregular DCT
Provides strength from forces pulling in all directions
78
Regular
Fibroblasts and collagen fibers regularly arranged
79
What is the function of regular DCT
Provides strength from forces pulling in one directions
80
Where can you find regular DCT
Tendons and ligaments
81
Where can you find irregular DCT
Fascia, periosteum covering bones
82
Elastic DCT
Fibroblasts, freely branching elastic fibers
83
What is the function of elastic DCT
Allows for stretch and recoil
84
Where can you find elastic DCT
Lungs, aorta, vocal cords
85
What is active transport and what are the two things that fall under it
Uses energy | Primary and secondary
86
What are primary ion pumps
Protein pumps that move ions across the membrane
87
What is primary sodium/potassium pumps
Pump 2 potassium into the cell and release 3 sodium
88
What are secondary symporter
Carry two substances in the same directions
89
What is secondary antiporter
Carry two substances in opposite directions
90
What are the three types of junctions
Tight, gap, and anchoring
91
Tight junctions
Found where a leak proof seal is needed. Example the bladder
92
Gap junctions
Pores that allow small substances to pass through or between cells example heart electricity
93
Anchoring junctions
Provides resistance to mechanical stress at a single point
94
Passive transport
Involves substances moving across the cell membrane without the input of energy
95
Simple diffusion
Pass without the aid of a membrane protein
96
Diffusion
Passive spread of particles through random motion from high [] to low []
97
Facilitated diffusion
Requires a channel or carrier protein
98
Osmosis
Is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from and area of low solute [] to and area of high solute []
99
Toni city
Is the measure of the solutions ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content
100
Isotonic
Equal amounts of water and solute in the cytosol
101
Hypertonic
High [] of solutes then water in the Cytosol
102
Hypotonic
Higher [] of water then solutes in the cytosol
103
Bone
CT with a calcified intracellular matrix
104
Epithelial membranes
Mucous membrane, serous membrane, cutaneous membrane, synovial membrane
105
Mucous membrane
External surfaces (digestive system)
106
Serous membrane
Internal surfaces (around the lungs)
107
Cutaneous membrane
Skin
108
Synovial membranes
Enclose the joints

Bio 110 (8 decks)

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