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Bio 110 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Allows a cell to maintain internal conditions of the cell

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2
Q

Phospholipids

A

Main structure, what the plasma membrane is made of, forms a lipid bilayer

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3
Q

Cholesterol

A

Strengthens the membrane, provides fluidity

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4
Q

Proteins: integral

A

Extend through bilayer

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5
Q

Proteins: peripheral

A

Attach to the surface

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6
Q

Selective permeability

A

Allows some substances to cross but not others

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue

A 
Tightly packed cells
No/very little blood vessels 
Forming surface layer 
Covers body and organ surfaces 
Lines body and organ cavities
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8
Q

Connective tissue

A 
Loosely packed cells
Lots of extra cellular matrix 
Lots of bloody vessels 
Covered by other tissues
Support and strengthens 
Energy reserves
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9
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single flat layer

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10
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium

A

Filtration and diffusion

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11
Q

Where do you find simple squamous epithelium tissue?

A

Alveoli in lungs
Lining of lymph vessels
Lining of blood vessels

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single cube layer

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13
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretion and absorption from glands and small ducts

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14
Q

Where do you find simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Thyroid gland

Surface of ovaries

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15
Q

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer with microvilli

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16
Q

What is the function of nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion

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17
Q

Where do you find nonciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue

A

Lining of digestive tract and respiratory tract

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18
Q

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer with cilia

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19
Q

What is the function of ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A

Secretion of mucous and foreign particles

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20
Q

Where do you find ciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue

A

Bronchioles and Fallopian tubes

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21
Q

Nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer, varying in height

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22
Q

What is the function of nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Protection

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23
Q

Where do you find nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue

A

Rare-lining of male urethra

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24
Q

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Single columnar layer, varying in height with cilia

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25
Q

What is the function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Protection

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26
Q

Where do you find ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue

A

Lining of larger airways

Nasal cavities

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27
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Multiple layers
Basal layer cuboidal
Apical layer squamous

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28
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protection against strong friction forces

Protection from UV

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29
Q

Where do you find stratified squamous epithelium tissue

A

Epidermis of skin
Lining of oral cavity
Lining of vagina and anus

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30
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Multiple layers, cube shaped

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31
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Protection and secretion

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32
Q

Where do you find stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Ducts of exocrine glands

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33
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Multiple layers, columnar shape

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34
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium

A

Protection and secretion

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35
Q

Where do you find stratified columnar epithelium tissue

A

Ducts of salivary glands

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36
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Multiple layers, shape changes depending on state of stretch

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37
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium

A

Stretching and relaxing to accommodate urine volume change

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38
Q

Where do you find transitional epithelium tissue

A

Lining of urinary bladder

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39
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce and secrete fibers and ground substances

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40
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilaginous cells

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41
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells

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42
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells

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43
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

Within blood

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44
Q

What are the three protein fibers of CT

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

45
Q

Collagen

A

Long fibers that are strong, flexible and resistant to pulling

46
Q

Elastin

A

Stretch and recoil easily

47
Q

Reticular

A

Support

48
Q

Where can you find collagen

A

Tendons and ligaments

49
Q

Where can you find elastin

A

Skin, arteries lungs

50
Q

Where can you find reticular

A

Lymph nodes, spleen liver

51
Q

What are the three types of loose CT

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

52
Q

Areolar

A

Viscous ground substance, fibroblasts, many blood vessels

53
Q

Adipose

A

Closely packed adipocytes, many blood vessels

54
Q

Reticular (loose CT)

A

Interlacing reticular fibers

55
Q

What is the function of areolar

A

Strength protection support

56
Q

What is the function of adipose

A

Reduce heat energy storage padding

57
Q

What is the function of reticular

A

Forms a scaffolding to lymphatic organs

58
Q

Where can you find areolar

A

Connects skin to underlying tissue

59
Q

Where can you find adipose

A

Sub q layer

surrounding organs

60
Q

Where can you find reticular

A

Spleen lymph nodes red bone marrow

61
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

62
Q

Hyaline

A

Chondrocytes, collagen fibers

63
Q

What is the function of hyaline

A

Providing a smooth surface for joint movement

64
Q

Where can you find hyaline

A

End of long bones

65
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Thick bundles of collagen fibers

66
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Chondrocytes, elastic fibers

67
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage

A

Provides strength, shock absorber

68
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage

A

Intervertebral discs, knee

69
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage

A

Strength and elasticity

70
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage

A

External ear

71
Q

What are the three muscle types

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

72
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Movement of skeleton

73
Q

Cardiac

A

Contracts heart to pump blood

74
Q

Smooth

A

Contract internal organs and blood vessels

75
Q

What are the three types of dense CT

A

Irregular, regular and elastic

76
Q

Irregular

A

Fibroblasts and collagen fibers randomly arranged

77
Q

What is the function of irregular DCT

A

Provides strength from forces pulling in all directions

78
Q

Regular

A

Fibroblasts and collagen fibers regularly arranged

79
Q

What is the function of regular DCT

A

Provides strength from forces pulling in one directions

80
Q

Where can you find regular DCT

A

Tendons and ligaments

81
Q

Where can you find irregular DCT

A

Fascia, periosteum covering bones

82
Q

Elastic DCT

A

Fibroblasts, freely branching elastic fibers

83
Q

What is the function of elastic DCT

A

Allows for stretch and recoil

84
Q

Where can you find elastic DCT

A

Lungs, aorta, vocal cords

85
Q

What is active transport and what are the two things that fall under it

A

Uses energy

Primary and secondary

86
Q

What are primary ion pumps

A

Protein pumps that move ions across the membrane

87
Q

What is primary sodium/potassium pumps

A

Pump 2 potassium into the cell and release 3 sodium

88
Q

What are secondary symporter

A

Carry two substances in the same directions

89
Q

What is secondary antiporter

A

Carry two substances in opposite directions

90
Q

What are the three types of junctions

A

Tight, gap, and anchoring

91
Q

Tight junctions

A

Found where a leak proof seal is needed. Example the bladder

92
Q

Gap junctions

A

Pores that allow small substances to pass through or between cells example heart electricity

93
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

Provides resistance to mechanical stress at a single point

94
Q

Passive transport

A

Involves substances moving across the cell membrane without the input of energy

95
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Pass without the aid of a membrane protein

96
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive spread of particles through random motion from high [] to low []

97
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires a channel or carrier protein

98
Q

Osmosis

A

Is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from and area of low solute [] to and area of high solute []

99
Q

Toni city

A

Is the measure of the solutions ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content

100
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal amounts of water and solute in the cytosol

101
Q

Hypertonic

A

High [] of solutes then water in the Cytosol

102
Q

Hypotonic

A

Higher [] of water then solutes in the cytosol

103
Q

Bone

A

CT with a calcified intracellular matrix

104
Q

Epithelial membranes

A

Mucous membrane, serous membrane, cutaneous membrane, synovial membrane

105
Q

Mucous membrane

A

External surfaces (digestive system)

106
Q

Serous membrane

A

Internal surfaces (around the lungs)

107
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

108
Q

Synovial membranes

A

Enclose the joints

Bio 110 (8 decks)

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