Unit 3 & 5 Flashcards
Culture
refers to learned patterns of values, veliefs, customs, and behaviors that are shared by a group of individuals.
- is a phenomenon through which norms and values are socially transmitted from generation to generation
- allows members of a group to predict each other’s actions and react accordingly.
Subculture
a group of individuals within a society who share values, beliefs, and behaviors that differ from those of the dominant society.
ethnic group
a group of people with a common origin who hold basically similar values, beliefs, etc
misconception
because each person views his own culture as correct, many people think only other people have a culture.
American Cultural Values
- Automation
- Time
- Success
- Cleanliness
- Optimal Health
Attitudes, Values, Prejudices of Health Care Workers
- Every health care worker has his/her own set of values, attitudes, and prejudices
- Assessment of culture sensitivity starts with the self
Sexuality
the expression and experience of the self as a sexual being. Is a state of both the body and mind
(Not limited to sexual relationship; affects all relationships)
Sensuality
the ability experience enjoyment through the sense. Is one aspect of sexuality.
Ex. Touching velvet.
Sex roles
culturally determined patterns associated with male and female social behavior
gender identity
How one chooses to view oneself as a male of female in interactions with others. As an individual and unique expression.
When does the basic recognition of one’s sex form.
childhood
Gender identity
how the child feels about his or her sexual identity
Gender role
how the child’s gender identify will be expressed in behavior with others of the same or opposite sex
What form of gender identity happens in pre adolescent years?
cond or friendships form with peer of same sex
what form of gender identity happens in adolescent years?
relationships with opposite sex begin
what form of gender identity happens in early and middle adult years?
focusing on solidifying a long term relationship -> procreation.
Sexual Object Choice
- Opposite Sex
- Same sex
- Paraphillias
Paraphilic disorder
Refers to acts or sexual stimuli that are outside of what society considers normal but that are required for some individuals to experience desire, arousal, and orgasm.
Ex. Sadism, Voyerism, Exhibitionism.
Common sexual problems
- Erectile dysfunction
- Premature ejaculation
- vaginismus (spastic contractions of the vagina during or before intercourse)
- Orgasmic dysfunction
Role of the Nurse
- obtain sex history
- Planning - must include both partners.
- clarification of communication between partners
- suggest activities to improve sexual problems
- specially trained sex therapists
5 Dimensions of Nursing Assessment
Biophysical Psychological Cognitive Sociocultural Spiritual
Tools of Assessment
- Nursing History
- Psychological Testing
- Mental Status Exam
- Self-assessment tools
- Interview
Basic Elements of Informed Consent
- knowledge - adequate and accurate knowledge and information
- competency - an individual with the legal capacity to consent
- free will - voluntarily given consent
Conditions under which treatment may be performed without obtaining informed consent
- when a patient is mentally incompetent to make a decision and treatment is necessary to preserve life or avoid serious harm.
- when refusing treatment endangers the life or health of another.
- In an emergency when a patient is in no condition to exercise judgement
- in court ordered situations
Substituted consent
- court appointed guardian
- client’s nearest relative
- states vary on requirements for obtaining substituted informed consent.
Legal Considerations
- Basic rights of psychiatric clients
- Informed Consent
- Confidentiality and right to privacy
- admissions to psychiatric units
- restrains and seclusion
Situations that warrant breach of confidentiality
- When threats on the lives of third persons are involved
- Child abuse situations
- elder abuse situations
Types of Psychiatric admissions
- Voluntary
- Emergency admission (involuntary)
- Involuntary
Restraints
refers to a set of leather straps that are used to restrain the extremities of an individual that is “out of control” and poses a threat to self or others.
Seclusion
placement in a locked room and denial of access to the rest of the treatment unit.
Negligence
the failure to do something which a reasonable person would do or doing something that a prudent and reasonable person would not do.
Malpractice
professional negligence - the failure of one rendering professional services to exercise that degree of skill and learning commonly applied by the average prudent reputable member of the profession with the result of injury, loss, or damage to the recipient of these services.
Five Element for Successful Malpractice Suit
- Duty to use due care toward patient
- Performance below standard of care - breach of duty
- As a result of breach of duty, patient was injured
- the breach of duty could forseeably have caused an injury
- Proof of patient injuries
Types of Lawsuits in Psychiatric Nursing
- breach of confidentiality
- defamation of character
- invasion of privacy
- assault/battery
- false imprisonment
libel
defamation of character in writing
slander
verbal defamation of character
Assault
act that result in a person’s genuine fear that he/she will be touched without their consent
Battery
the unconsented touching of another person
5 basic principles of bioethics
Beneficence Autonomy Justice Fidelity Veracity
Beneficence
5 basic principles of bioethics
the duty to act to benefit or promote the good of others.
Ex. spending extra time to help calm an extremely anxious person
Autonomy
5 basic principles of bioethics
respecting the rights of others to make their own decisions
Ex. acknowledging the patient’s right to refuse medication promotes autonomy
Justice
5 basic principles of bioethics
the duty to distribute resources or care equally, regardless of person attributes
Ex.an ICU nurse devotes equal attention to someone who has attempted suicide as to someone who suffered a brain aneurysm.
Fidelity
5 basic principles of bioethics
Nonmaleficence
Maintaining loyalty and commitment to the patient and doing no wrong to the patient
Ex. maintaining expertise in nursing skill through nursing education
Veracity
5 basic principles of bioethics
One’s duty to communicate truthfully
Ex. describing the purpose and side effects of psychotropic medications in a truthful and non-misleading way.
enculturation
the process in which a culture’s worldview, beliefs, values, and practices are transmitted to its members.
ethnocentrism
the universal tendency of humans to believe that their way of thinking and behaving is the only correct and natural way.
