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Brain and Behavior Unit 3 > Unit 3 - 4: Mood disorders > Flashcards

Unit 3 - 4: Mood disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Depression symptoms

A

Lots of sadness and unmotivated

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2
Q

Brain Changes in Depression (5):

A
  1. Increased activity in amygdala (emotional tasks)
  2. Increased activity in frontal cortex (cognitive tasks)
  3. Decreased activity in areas for attention
  4. Difficulty regulating stress hormone (corticosteroids)
  5. Hippocampus volume reduced (cause or effect)
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3
Q

Sleep changes in depression (3)

A
  1. Insomnia
  2. Reduced stage 3 sleep
  3. REM sleep entered much sooner
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4
Q

Depression Treatments (8)

A
  1. Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
  2. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
  3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
  4. Tricyclics
  5. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  6. SNRIs
  7. Ketamine
  8. CBT
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5
Q

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)

A

Intentional seizures

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6
Q

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

Delivers repeated pulsed magnetic fields to induce neural APs in prefrontal cortex

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7
Q

MAOIs

A

Prevent inactivation of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin in synaptic cleft

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8
Q

Tricyclics

A

Inhibit reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine to increase activity in cleft

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9
Q

SSRI

A

Prevent reuptake of serotonin

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10
Q

SNRIs

A

Prevent reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

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11
Q

Ketamine

A

Glutamate receptor antagonist

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12
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

Improves negative thinking

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13
Q

Depression more common in

A

Woman

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14
Q

Suicidal intervention works because

A

Most people don’t try again after being stopped the first time; they reconsider their death

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15
Q

Animal models for depression

A

Not easy to replicate, removing olfactory bulb in rodents can create some symptoms

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16
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Periods of depression and manic highs, self aggrandizement

17
Q

Bipolar disorder treatments (2)

A
  1. Second gen antipsychotics
  2. Lithium
18
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Overwhelming and irrational fear or apprehension, terror, loss of control, dizzy, trembling, trouble breathing, fast heart

19
Q

Generalized anxiety

A

Persistent anxiety

20
Q

Phobias

A

Intense fear

21
Q

Panic disorder

A

Random attacks of intense fear

22
Q

Brain changes in anxiety

A
  1. Abnormalities in left temporal lobe (amygdala)
  2. Over active amygdala
  3. Abnormal medial prefrontal cortex
  4. Abnormal cingulate cortex
  5. abnormal nucleus accumbens
  6. Abnormal insular cortex
  7. Abnormal periaquaductal gray
  8. Small hippocampus
23
Q

Anxiety treatments (2)

A
  1. Mostly target GABAa receptor (benzodiazepines)
  2. Also target serotonin (buspirone)
24
Q

PTSD

A

Occurs after traumatic experience involving violence or fear for one’s life or a loved one, memories of terrible events that reflect what happened, can be triggered by harmless stimuli, always vigilant when not needed

25
Q

Genetics and physiology of PTSD (4)

A
  1. Memory changes (like amnesia)
  2. Right hippocampus is smaller
  3. Low levels of adult neurogenesis in hippocampus
  4. Long term reduction of cortisol
26
Q

Model for PTSD

A
  1. Original trauma activated two systems
  2. Brainstem sensitizes the person to related stimuli in the future
  3. Amygdala conditions long lasting fearful reaction
27
Q

OCD

A

Repetitive rituals and persistent thoughts that patients feel powerless to control or stop

28
Q

OCD treatment (3)

A
  1. CBT
  2. SSRIs
  3. Disrupting cingulate cortex connections
29
Q

PTSD treatments (2)

A
  1. Antidepressants
  2. CBT

Brain and Behavior Unit 3 (9 decks)

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