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Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What else is the dura mater called?

A

thick mother; it is the thickest outer most covering

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2
Q

What does the dura cover?

A

the entire CNS and roots of PNS in the vertebral canal and cranial vault

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3
Q

Is the dura part of the nervous system?

A

no it is just an accessory structure

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4
Q

Name the two dural layers in the cranial vault?

A

endosteal layers and meningeal layer

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5
Q

Describe the endosteal layer

A

outer highly vascularized layer that serves as a periosteum to cranial bones.

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6
Q

Describe the meningeal layer

A

inner fibrous layer that is seperated from the endosteal layer only where a falx or dural venous sinus is present

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7
Q

Do both dural layers continue into the cerebral canal?

A

no, only the meningeal layer which is slightly more collagenous than the cranial meningeal layer

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8
Q

What attaches the dura within the vertebral canal?

A

meningiovertebral ligaments

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9
Q

Is the dura attached to the foramen magnum?

A

yes it is fused to it, but for the most part its a loose sac in the canal

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10
Q

At what level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2 and is named the conus medullaris

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11
Q

What is the lumbar cistern filled with?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

Describe dural falces

A

they are double layers of meningeal dural, sickle shaped, and extend into brain fissure

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13
Q

Describe the Falx cereri

A

located in longitudinal fissure, runs from front to internal occipital protuberance

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14
Q

Describe the falx cerebelli

A

located between the cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

Describe the tentorium cerebelli

A

runs right and left over the cerebellum and under the occipital lobes

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16
Q

What is the name of the opening between the wings of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

the tentorial hiatus

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17
Q

Describe the diaphragma sellae

A

forms a housing over the pituitary gland and has a whole in the middle for the infundibular stalk

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18
Q

Is the dura vascular?

A

yes

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19
Q

Is the dura innervated?

A

yes

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20
Q

what nerves innervate the dura?

A

CN V and VII supratentorially and CN X infratentorially

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21
Q

What artery is attributed for throbbing headaches?

A

meningeal arteries; commonly middle meningeal arteries

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22
Q

Is the arachnoid vascularized?

A

no

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23
Q

Describe the arachnoid

A

transparent and composed of simple squamos epithelium

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24
Q

From what do meningiomas arise?

A

the arachnoid

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25
True or false, the arachnoid goes into fissures and sulci
false
26
Describe cranial nerve sheaths
a subarachnoid space that extends with CN II all the way to the eyeball
27
Describe arachnoid trabeculae
connections between the arachnoid and pia and its avascular
28
Describe the subarachnoid space
its a real space between the arachnoid and pia thats filled with CSF
29
Where is a potential space located?
between the dura and arachnoid termed the subdrual space
30
Describe the Cisterna Magna and its location
Its the largest cranial cistern its posterior to the M.O. and superior to the foramen magnum the 4th ventricle opens into it via the median foramen
31
Describe the superior cistern and its location
some important blood vessels are located on its floor its in the transverse cerebral fissure
32
Describe the Pontine Cistern and its location
a pair of openings empty into it from the 4th ventrical via the lateral foramina its anterior to the pons
33
Describe the interpeduncular cistern and its location
much of the cerebral arterial circle is found along its periphery its between the cerebral peduncles on the anterior aspect of the midbrain
34
Describe the lumbar cistern and its location
it fills the lumbar cul-de-sac is located from the conus medullaris to the S2 level
35
Describe Arachnoid villi, its location, and function
Theyre tufted prolongations which dip into dura and associate with dural venous sinuses; mostcommonly along the superior saggital dural venous sinus they remove CSF from the subarachnoid space
36
Describe the pia
its the inner most covering its vascular and follows all fissures and sulci of the brain and cord
37
Describe the outer portion of the pia
its continuous with the arachnoid trabeculae and also covers blood vessels coming to and from the CNS
38
What structures do the pia form in the vertebral canal?
the denticulate ligaments which penetrate the aracnoid and fuse with the dura the pia also forms the fillum terminale internum
39
Describe the inner portion of the pia
it has fine reticular and elastic fibers which connect with the CNS it also forms the pial coats and perivascular space
40
Describe an epidural hematoma
blood between the skull and periosteal dura
41
what causes an epidural hematoma
commonly a rupture of the middle meningeal artery due to head trauma
42
what is the result of an epidural hematoma
an increase in intercranial pressure;if it not relieved via surgery death could be a result
43
describe a subdural hematoma
a collection of blood between the meningeal dura and arachnoid
44
what causes a subdural hematoma
rupturing to bridging veins due to shearing injury
45
describe a subarachnoid hemorrhage
a collection of blood in the subarachnoid space
46
How much blood is perfused through the brain each minute?
800ml
47
Where is the most commonly reported site to blame for stroke?
the middle cerebral artery
48
What artery is to blame for chiropractic vascular accidents?
the posterior inferior cerebral artery
49
What arteries supply 2/3 of the brains blood?
the internal carotid arteries
50
What artery is the most common anomaly in the brain blood supply?
the anterior communicating artery
51
What vessel contributes the most blood to the spinal cord?
Segmental arteries
52
Where do the segmental arteries enter into the cord?
through intervertebral foramina
53
how much blood is normally present in the brain?
about 75ml
54
how often does the blood turn over in the brain?
about every 6 seconds
55
What is the most common type of capillary in the CNS?
continuous capillary
56
What is the role of astrocytes in the blood brain barrier?
they play some supporting and informing role
57
What type of substances will cross the BBB and what will not?
lipid soluble will cross and water soluble will not
58
List some substance that will cross the BBB?
caffeine, B6 and B12, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine
59
Will veins and venules follow the same course as arteries as they entered,out?
no they wont
60
After veins have penetrated arachnoid and meningeal dura where do they drains to?
Dural venous sinuses
61
Where do DVS drain?
internal jugular veins at the jugular foramina
62
Where does most of the blood in the sinus flow to?
the right transverse DVS
63
Choroid plexuses are located where?
in brain ventricles?
64
what do choroid plexuses produce?
CSF
65
What cells produce CSF in the choroid plexuses?
ependymal cells

CNS (7 decks)

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