Unit 1

Question 1

Significance of Nervous system

Answer 1

controls coordination, association. and integration of body responses to internal and external stimui

The cost of such high specialization means little ability to store oxygen or glucose plus little mitotic ability

Question 2

Neuroanatomy

Answer 2

study of structure

Question 3

Neurophysiology

Answer 3

study of function

Question 4

Neuropathology

Answer 4

study of disease

Question 5

Neuropharmacology

Answer 5

study of how drugs affect

Question 6

Chiropractic

Answer 6

manipulates skeletal and nervous systems

Question 7

Synonym for brain

Answer 7

encephalon (CNS)

Question 8

synonym for spinal cord

Answer 8

medulla spinalis (CNS)

Question 9

Cranial nerves pairs?

Answer 9

12 (PNS)

Question 10

Spinal nerve pairs?

Answer 10

31 (PNS)

Question 11

ganglia definition

Answer 11

groups of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 12

Somatic component of Nervous system

Answer 12

innervates skeletal muscles

often called voluntary component

includes efferent (away from CNS) and afferent (towards CNS) nerves fibers

involves both CNS and PNS

Question 13

Acetylcholine

Answer 13

chemical released by somatic axon endings (cholinergic)

appears to only have an excitatory function

Question 14

Autonomic/Visceral component of nervous system

Answer 14

innervates glands, smooth, and cardiac muscle

no conscious control over said structures

involves both CNS and PNS

efferent fibers receive emphasis and are the only ones divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic subdivisions

Question 15

Parasympathetic subdivision

Answer 15

have neurons in both CNS and PNS and only innervate Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X, as well sacral nerves 2-4 (craniosacral)

two efferents are needed to reach glands or muscle.

Question 16

Preganglionic (parasympathetic)

Answer 16

first neuron is long and releases acetylcholine

Question 17

Postganglionic (parasympathetic)

Answer 17

second neuron is short and goes to target tissue and releases acetylcholine

Question 18

Sympathetic subdivision

Answer 18

visceral component (fight or flight)

located in CNS and PNS but PNS efferent fibers are T1-L2

again two neurons used in getting to glands or muscle cells

Question 19

preganglionic (sympathetic)

Answer 19

shorter and releases ACH

Question 20

postganglionic (sympathetic)

Answer 20

longer and releases norepinephrine instead (adrengeric)

Question 21

Example effects of parasympathetic

Answer 21

slows heart rate/ speeds peristalsis/ constricts pupils/constricts respiratory tree (keep in mind effects are opposite of sympathetic)

Question 22

Example effects of sympathetic

Answer 22

speeds heart rate/ slows peristalsis/ dilates pupils/ dilates respiratory tree (keep in mind effects are opposite of parasympathetic)

Question 23

sympathetic ratio

Answer 23

1:17 general and more widespread

Question 24

parasympathetic ratio

Answer 24

1:2 thus response is more limited but more precise