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Biology > Unit 3 # 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 # 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is special about carbon?

A

carbon can make 4 covalent bonds

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2
Q

What makes an organic compound?

A

The compound contains carbn

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of carbon bonds?

A

straight chains
branched
rings

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4
Q

What are the names of the number of times a pa pair is shared?

A

single bond
double bond
triple bond

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5
Q

What are the macromolecular organic compounds?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, Lipids,nucleic acids

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6
Q

What are lipids?

A

fats

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7
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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8
Q

What do all of the four organic compounds have in common?

A

a. they all contain carbon (all organic)
b. they are rather large molecules compared to most
c. they all form long chains called “polymers” by connecting simpler carts called “monomers” by CONDENSATION REACTIONS
d. they all break their long polymers down back into smaller, separate monomers (if needed) by HYDROLYSIS

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9
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

links all monomers to form polymers, an OH- and H+ are released to create a bond and H2O is a product **Put piccture in*********

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10
Q

What reactions build polymers?

A

dehydration synthesis reactions

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11
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

reactions that take apart molecules and break and break polymers into monomers; reverse of condensation ****add picture****

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12
Q

What has to be added to a hydrolysis bond to break bonds?

A

H2O

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13
Q

What are the functional groups?

A

hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosophate

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14
Q

What does Hydroxyl contain ( in means of bond)

A
  • OH
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15
Q

What does carboxyl contain (in means of bonds)?

A

COOH (O is bonded to the O)

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16
Q

What does an amino contain? (bond wise)

A

-NH2

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17
Q

What does a phosophate contain? bond wise

A

POOO

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18
Q

**add identification cards**** functional groups

A

add identification cards

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19
Q

What is an atp?

A

the only energy molecule that cells recognize in order to do their daily jobs

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20
Q

What does atp stand for?

A

adenosine triphosophate

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21
Q

What is the nickname for corbohydrates?

A

sugars

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22
Q

What are thee elements in the fthe formula for carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

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23
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

function as energy and form some cell parts

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24
Q

What are the 3 types of monosaccharides?

A

glucose, frutose, and galatose

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25
Q

What is the formula for monosaccharides?

A

C6H12O6

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26
Q

What do monosachrides make when combined?

A

disaccharides and polysaccharides

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27
Q

How many monosaccharides are in a disaccharide?

A

2

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28
Q

How many monosaccharides are in a polysaccharide?

A

3 or more

29
Q

What are the elements in the formula for carbohydrates?

A

C, H, O

30
Q

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

A

grains, cereal, fruits, veggies, and breads

30
Q

What are the carbohydrates monomers? What are the formulas for the monomers?

A

monosaccharides; C6H12O6

31
Q

What are the polymers for carbohydrates?

A

disaccharides and polysaccharides

32
Q

What are the types of monosaccharides?

A

Glucos, frutose, and galactos

33
Q

What is the formula for dissacharides?

A

C12H22O11

34
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides? What are their functions?

A

Glycogen- in animals, glucose stored in stored in liver and muscles to give out energy
Starch- excess glucose stored in plants
cellulose- gives strenghth and rigidity to plant cell wall

35
Q

How are the polysaccharides broken down?

A

hydrolysis

36
Q

How are the polysaccharides built?

A

condensation

37
Q

What is the nickname for protein?

A

the meats

38
Q

What are the elements in the formula for protein?

A

C, H, O, N

39
Q

What are the functions for proteins?

A

energy and forms things like muscle and nails

40
Q

What are examples of proteins?

A

fish, turkey, chicken, beef, some beans, dairy

41
Q

What is the monomer for proteins?

A

amino acid

42
Q

What are the polymers for proteins?

A

dipeptides and polypeptids

43
Q

What are enzymes and what are their functions?

A

enzymes are a type of proteins that acta s a catalyst

44
Q

What kind of fit is a enzyme?

A

lock and key fit

45
Q

What is the lock, and what is the key?

A

the substrate is the key and the enzyme is the lock.

46
Q

How are amino acids held together?

A

Peptide bond.

47
Q

Are lipids polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar

48
Q

are proteins polar or nonpolar?

A

polar

49
Q

Are carbohydrates polar or nonpolar?

A

polar

50
Q

Are nucleic acids polar or nonpolar?

A

polar

51
Q

What are the nicknames for lipids?

A

fats, oils, and waxes

52
Q

What are the elements in the formula for lipids?

A

C, H, O

53
Q

What is the ratio for lipids?

A

more than 2 hydrogen: 1oxygen; large differences

54
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

energy, forms structure in cells like cell membrane

55
Q

What are examples of lipids?

A

fat on steak, butter, olive oil

56
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

triglyceride

57
Q

what is triglyceride made of?

A

a glycerol with up to three fatty acid chians

58
Q

What is the polymer for lipids?

A

there are no polymer forms

59
Q

What are the four types of lipids and what is anexample of each?

A

phosopholipid- cell membranes
waxes- earwax; cuticle in plants
steroids- cholesterol
pigments- in plants

60
Q

What is the difference inbetween a non-saturated and a saturated lipid?

A

A non saturated has double bonds in the chains, liquid in room temp, the saturated all have four single bonds in tais and are solid at room temp.

61
Q

What are the nicknames for nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

62
Q

What are the elements that make up the formula?

A

C, H, O, N, P, S

63
Q

What are the functions of the nucleic acids?

A

to store information

64
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

A

nucleotide.

65
Q

What are the parts of nucleotide? What is the analogy?

A

phosophate group
5 carbon sugar
nitrogenous base

The form makes up a picture of a house as the sugars and carbons; a pool with the phosphat groups; and the nitrogenous bases make up the driveway

66
Q

What are the five types of nitrogenous bases?

A 
A- adenine
C- cytosine
T- thymine
G- guanine
U- uracil
67
Q

What is the polymer for nucleatides?

A

DNA and RNA

Biology (6 decks)

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