Unit 2 Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass
What is mass?
The quantity of matter an object has
What is weight?
The force produced by gravity acting on mass
What is an element?
Anything that cannot be broken down into simpler matter.
What are the six most important elements to living cells? What percent of living things are made of these elements?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur ---------------------------------------- 90%
What is the Simplest part of an element?
an atom
What the subatomic particles?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is the atomic number?
the number of protons
What is the atomic mass?
Number of protons and neutrons
What is an isotope?
Same element; same protons; different neutrons
What is a covalent bond?
Sharing of electrons
What is a ionic bond?
giving away of electrons
What is a compound?
Two or more elements in a fixed proportion H20
What is a chemical bond?
an attractive force that holds elements together
What is a molecule?
simplest part of a compound
What is an ion?
an element that gains of loses and electron giving it a charge! Only in ionic bonds!!
What are the 5 types of energy?
Radiant, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
What is a solid?
matter of fixed volume and shape
What is a liquid?
matter of fixed volume, but it flows to shape of container
What is gas?
Shape of container, fill space it occupies
What is a chemical reaction?
1 or more substances change to produce a different sustance
What are reactants?
The two things that go into the equation
What are products?
The two things coming out of an equation
What is metabolism?
all chemical reactions that take place in an organism
What is activation energy?
amount of energy needed to start a reaction
What is a catalyst?
Reduces amount of activation energy needed
What is an enzyme?
speeds up reaction without being changed
What is water called (not h2o)?
The universal solvent
What is a polar compound and polarity?
unevent distribution of electrons between - causes water to be polar.
What is the solute?
The dissolved substance
What is the solvent?
does the dissolving
What is a concentration?
the solute to the solvent
What is a saturated solution?
solution that can’t dissolve any more solute
What is a aqueous solution/
The solute is water
What is H3O-?
the hydronium ion
What is a synonym for base?
alkalinity
What does pH stand for?
potential for hydrogen
What is from 0 - 6.9 on the pH scale?
Acids
What is at 7 on the pH scale?
neutral
What is from 7.1 to 14 on the pH scale?
bases/ alkalizes
What does pH measure?
The concentration of H3O+ in the solution
Why is pH important to biology/organisms?
the enzymes work in a narrow range of pH
What are buffers?
stuff that is able to neutralize small amounts of acids or bases
