Unit 3 Flashcards
Q: What is the liver’s role in alcohol detoxification?
The liver degrades ethanol into non-toxic acetate using enzymes like catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase.
Q: What can excessive alcohol consumption lead to?
Liver disease and liver failure.
Q: What other roles does the liver play?
Synthesizing plasma proteins and food utilization.
Q: What is considered the most serious drug problem on U.S. campuses?
Binge drinking.
Q: How many students die annually due to binge drinking?
Over 1,400 students.
Q: What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Q: What is entropy?
A measure of disorder in a system, which increases as energy is lost.
Q: What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
Energy flows spontaneously from high- to low-quality forms.
Q: How does life maintain high organization despite entropy?
Energy from the sun replenishes and maintains life’s order.
Q: What happens during energy conversions?
Some energy is lost as heat, becoming unavailable for work.
Q: What are reactants and products?
Reactants are starting substances, and products are the substances remaining after a reaction.
Q: What are endergonic reactions?
Reactions requiring energy input, resulting in products with more energy than reactants.
Q: What are exergonic reactions?
Reactions releasing energy, where products have less energy than reactants.
Q: What are cofactors, and what is their role?
Metal ions or coenzymes that assist enzymes in transferring electrons, atoms, or functional groups.
Q: What is ATP composed of?
Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.
