Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who invented the first compound microscope?

A

Hans and Zacharias Janssen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observe with his microscope?

A

Several types of living cells, including sperm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who discovered and named “cells” by looking at cork?

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Robert Brown discover in plant cells?

A

The nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three components of the cell theory?

A

1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2) The cell is the smallest unit of life. 3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the smallest unit of life?

A

The cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three common features of all cells?

A

Plasma membrane, nucleus/nucleoid region, cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What limits the size of a cell?

A

The surface-to-volume ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the surface-to-volume ratio important?

A

Cells must be small for efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

It separates the cell from its environment and regulates the flow of substances in and out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between a nucleus and a nucleoid?

A

A nucleus is membrane-bound, while a nucleoid is a region where DNA is localized in prokaryotic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main components of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytoskeleton, ribosomes, membrane systems, and a semifluid substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the lipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

A

It forms the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell and regulates the entry and exit of substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

A community of microorganisms living within a shared layer of polysaccharides and glycoproteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two domains of prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria and Archaea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are bacterial flagella and what do they do?

A

Flagella are whip-like structures that enable bacteria to move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small, circular DNA molecules found in some bacteria.

18
Q

What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

A

They are the sites where proteins are assembled.

19
Q

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

20
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

A

It contains the cell’s hereditary material and controls cell activities.

21
Q

What organelles are involved in protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

A

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies.

22
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It modifies and transports proteins made by the ribosomes attached to it.

23
Q

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

24
Q

What is the role of the Golgi body?

A

It processes, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

25
Q

What are lysosomes and their function?

A

Lysosomes are vesicles that contain enzymes to break down waste, foreign particles, or worn-out cell parts.

26
Q

What disease is caused by a malfunction in lysosomal enzymes?

A

Tay-Sachs disease.

27
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria produce ATP by transferring energy from carbohydrates under oxygen-rich conditions.

28
Q

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

A

It suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.

29
Q

What are chloroplasts and what is their role?

A

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that perform photosynthesis.

30
Q

What pigment is found in chloroplasts, and what is its function?

A

Chlorophyll; it captures light energy for photosynthesis.

31
Q

What is the central vacuole, and where is it found?

A

The central vacuole is a large storage organelle in plant cells that stores nutrients and waste products.

32
Q

What is the function of cell walls in plants?

A

They provide mechanical support and protection.

33
Q

What substance in plant cell walls makes them strong and waterproof?

A

Lignin.

34
Q

What are tight junctions in animal cells?

A

They are connections that seal cells together, preventing leaks between cells.

35
Q

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

36
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A

Microtubules provide structural support and are involved in cell division and movement.

37
Q

What are cilia and flagella?

A

They are motile structures that extend from the surface of eukaryotic cells to aid in movement.

38
Q

What are pseudopods?

A

Temporary projections of the cell membrane used for movement and engulfing food.

39
Q

What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?

A

It encloses the nucleus and regulates the exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

40
Q

What role do vesicles play in cells?

A

Vesicles transport materials within the cell and to the cell membrane for exocytosis.

AP Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions