unit 3 Flashcards
What is fluid intelligence?
ability to solve unique problems
-diminishes with age
What is crystallized intelligence?
learning knowledge (ex vocab)
-generally increases with age
What is dementia?
not normal
-decreased ability to recall events, names, faces, objects
-emotional unpredictability
What is Alzheimer’s?
most common type of neurocognitive behavior
-brain loses cells and neural network connections
what is identity moratorium?
state of adolescents who are in the midst of identity crisis, haven’t made any clear commitments like university choice, career, etc.
What is identity achievement?
adolescent has undergone an identity crisis and made a commitment.
what is synaptic pruning?
selective removal of unnecessary neurons and connections to improve brain efficiency
what is adolescent egocentrism?
heightened self-consciousness and belief that others are as interested in them as they are of themselves.
what is personal fable?
adolescents sense of personal weakness
-they think no one understands how they really feel >found in diaries
what is identity diffusion?
adolescents have not yet experienced an identity crisis and have not yet committed.
what is identity foreclosure?
adolescents have made a commitment but have not experienced an identity crisis.
ex, parents handing down commitments, no option to explore on their own.
what are primary sex characteristics?
reproductive organs
-period for females, ejaculation for males
what is the secondary sex characteristics?
body hair, breast development, voice change, facial hair, widening hips.
things about early maturing boys?
tend to be taller and physically stronger.
-perceive themselves positively
-less likely to drink or smoke
things about early maturing girls?
feel more vulnerable
-more problems in school, more independent
-more likely to smoke drink etc.
things about late maturing boys?
develop a stronger sense of identity.
what does the prefrontal lobe do in teen brains?
understands consequences to actions yet not fully developed to deny the limbic system
What does the limbic system do?
emotional part of the brain
-fully developed
-gives emotional reward “just do it”.
What is the lev vugotsky theory?
theory o fhow childrens minds grow through interaction with social environments
what is the zone of proximal development?
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
what is scaffolding?
process where more skilled learner, gives help to a less skilled learner, reducing the amount of help as the less skilled learner becomes more capable
what is the formal operational stage?
The stage of cognitive development (about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
what is decentration?
the gradual progression of a child away from egocentrism towards reality shared with others.
what is reversubility?
the ability to recognize that numbers or objects can be changed and returned to their original conditions
what is animism?
belief that inanimate objects have human charactersitics
-often found in young children
what is the theory of mind?
ability to infer others mental states
what is centation?
tendency to focus only on one aspect of a situation, problem, object
what is conservation?
principal that properties like mass or volume remain the same regardless of the changes in the object holding it.
what is egocentrism?
inability in children in the preopertaional stage to see any point of view apart from their own.
what is the preoperation stage?
stage where children learn&use language but dont yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
>age 2-7
what is object permanence?
childs ability to understand that objects still exist after they are no longer in sight.
>infants 10 months and younger tend to not have this ability.
