unit 2 Flashcards
What is memory?
info that has been stored and can be retrieved.
what is information processing model?
model of memory, compares our mind to a computer in a series of 3 stages.
what are the 3 stages of memory?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
What is encoding?
process of putting info into the memory system to “get info into our brains”
What is automatic processing?
process of enormous amount of information effortlessly at once where you dont think about it.
what is effortful processing?
Requires attention and conscious effort. You must purposely try to remember.
What is storage?
creation of permanent record of encoded info.
-storage is for a period of time ranging from permanent to lifetime
What is retrieval?
calling back stored info on demand when its needed.
what is recognition?
identifying info after experiencing it again.
-multiple choice test
What is recall?
being able to access information without being cued, comes automatically.
what is recollection?
reconstructing memory
-writting answer on essay
what was fergus craik & Robert lock harts levels of processing model?
required participants to think about sound of words
-phonenemic processing
what is shallow processing?
required partcipants to think about the appearance of words
-structural encoding
What is deep processing?
required partcicpants to think about the meaning of words
-semnatic encoding
what is Atkinson-shiffrin 3 stage model of memory?
3 different memory systems characterized by time frames
what is sensory memory?
external events from our senses are held long enough to be percieved.
what is iconic memory?
sensory input to the visual system goes into iconic memory, duration of less than a second
what is echoic memory?
branch of sensory memory used the by the auditory system
-capable of holding large amount of auditory info but only for 3-4 seconds
what is haptic memory?
branch of sensory memory used by the sense of touch
what is short term memory? STM
info we are currently aware of or thinking about
-comes from paying attention to sensory memory
what is long term memory?
All the memories we hold for periods of time longer than a few seconds
-vast stoarge capacity, some memories reach death
what is baddeleys working memory?
system in your brain that allows you to temporarily retain and manipulate the stored info involved in complex process
-active state, contains info of which you are immediately aware
what is memory span?
nuber of items a person can remember and reapeat back using attention and short term memory.
what is chunking?
taking individual pieces of info and grouping them into larger units
ex, 217638627682 becomes 2176 3862 7682
what is maintainence rehearsal?
staright repeating info in order to memorize it to pro long its presence in STM
-can increase storage of info abt 30 secs
what is explicit “consious” memory (declarative memory) ?
info that you have to consioucly work to remember
what is episodic memory?
long term memory that involves the recollection of specific events, situations, and experiences
-play an important role in self identity
ex, memory of your personal life history
what is semnatic memory?
Memories or facts, concepts, names and other general knowledge
-use it when youre taking a test
what is implicit “unconscious” memory?
Info that you remember unconsciously and effortlessly
ex, how to perform tasks
what is eidetic memory?
visual images clear enough to be reatined for seconds and realistic in vividness
what is photogpraphic memory?
ability to recall an image for a much longer period tha eidetic memory.
What is memory consolidation?
process where our brains convert short term memories into long term ones
