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AP Human Geography > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Culture

A

All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects

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2
Q

Cultural traits

A

Elements of culture that can be both visible and invisible

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3
Q

Cultural complex

A

A series of interrelated traits

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4
Q

Cultural hearth

A

The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops

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5
Q

Taboos

A

Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

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6
Q

Traditional culture

A

Passing down long-held beliefs, values, and practices and are generally resistant to rapid changes in their culture

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7
Q

Popular culture

A

When cultural traits spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups

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8
Q

Material culture

A

Tangible things that include artifacts

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9
Q

Nonmaterial culture

A

Intangible concepts, or those that do not have a physical presence. Includes mentifacts

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10
Q

Cultural landscape

A

Built environment; The modification of the environment by a group and is a visible reflection of that group’s cultural beliefs and values

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11
Q

Ethnicity

A

Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics, such as ancestry, language, customs, and history

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12
Q

Ethnic Enclaves

A

Clusters of people of the same culture that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region

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13
Q

Cultural regions

A

Regions determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity

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14
Q

Culture realms

A

Larger areas that include several regions with a few culture traits they all share

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15
Q

Sacred places

A

Specific places and natural features that have religious significance

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16
Q

Culture hearth

A

Where a religion or ethnicity began

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17
Q

Ethnocentric

A

People that believe their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures

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18
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group’s culture

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19
Q

Cultural Appropriation

A

The action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture

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20
Q

Diffusion

A

The spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture from their hearths to wider areas

21
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

22
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of cultural traits outward through exchange without migration

23
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

When a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

24
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence

25
Q

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

A

A trait diffuses to a group of higher status

26
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait

27
Q

Lingua Franca

A

A common language used by people who do not share the same native language

28
Q

Pidgin language

A

A simplified mixture of two languages

29
Q

Creole language

A

Overtime, as two or more separate languages can mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary they create a new combined language

30
Q

Social constructs

A

Ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature

31
Q

Cultural divergance

A

The idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes

32
Q

Language tree

A

The relationship among language families that suggests how several languages are related to each other, as well as how one language grows out of another

33
Q

Indo-European language family

A

A large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago

34
Q

Dialects

A

Variations in accent, grammar usage, and spelling; regional variations of a language

35
Q

Official language

A

A language designated by law to be the language of the government

36
Q

Ethnic religions

A

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers. Followers are born or adopted into it

37
Q

Universal religions

A

Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

38
Q

Hinduism

A

An ethnic religion that originated in India

39
Q

Buddhism

A

A universalizing religion that originated in India

40
Q

Sikhism

A

A relatively new universalizing religion that originated in India and Pakistan

41
Q

Judaism

A

An ethnic religion that began in the Middle East. The first of the Abrahamic religions

42
Q

Christianity

A

An Abrahamic universalizing religion that began with the teachings of Jesus

43
Q

Islam

A

An Abrahamic universalizing religion that began with teachings from a series of prophets with Muhammad being the last

44
Q

Accultaration

A

When an ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture

45
Q

Assimilation

A

Happens when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

46
Q

Syncretism

A

The fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait

47
Q

Multiculturism

A

The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study

48
Q

Nativism

A

Anti-immigrant attitudes

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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