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AP Human Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute location

A

The exact position of a place in the world, often given in latitude and longitude.

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2
Q

Relative location

A

A place, stated in relation to another place.

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3
Q

Site

A

Description of the place where the settlement is located.

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4
Q

Situation

A

Description of a place relative to its surroundings and other places.

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5
Q

Place

A

The physical and human characteristics of a location.

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6
Q

Sense of place

A

Sense of place is a feeling felt by visitors and inhabitants of the place’s identity

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7
Q

Placelessness

A

The loss of uniqueness in a place, so that it looks the same as the next

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8
Q

Toponym

A

The general name of a place, often derived from topographical features of the place

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9
Q

Human geography

A

The branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the environment

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10
Q

Space-time compression

A

The increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together despite their distance apart remaining the same

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11
Q

Spatial distribution

A

How resources, activities, and human demographic features of landscapes are arranged across the Earth

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12
Q

Spatial relationships and interaction

A

A dynamic flow process from one location to another, often referring to the movement of people

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13
Q

Spacial thinking

A

Thinking that finds meaning in the shape, size, orientation, location, direction or trajectory, of objects, processes or phenomena, or the relative positions in space of multiple objects, processes or phenomena

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14
Q

Distance decay

A

The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance the less interaction

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15
Q

Cartography

A

The science or practice of drawing maps

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16
Q

Landscape analysis

A

The process of describing and interpreting the landscape ecology of an area

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17
Q

Environmental possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives

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18
Q

Environmental determinism

A

A theory that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions

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19
Q

Field observations / fieldwork

A

Practical work done by a researcher in the natural world, instead of a laboratory or office

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20
Q

Physical site characteristics

A

Physical features of a certain location

21
Q

Built environment / cultural landscape

A

The human-made features and surroundings of a certain location

22
Q

Scale

A

The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground

23
Q

Cartogram map

A

A map in which the shape or size is distorted in order to demonstrate a variable such as travel, population or economic production

24
Q

Choropleth map

A

A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area

25
Q

Dot map

A

Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as a population

26
Q

Graduated symbols map

A

A map with symbols that change in size according to the value of the attribute they represent

27
Q

Isoline map

A

A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value

28
Q

Mental map

A

An internal representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located

29
Q

Physical features

A

A map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc

30
Q

Reference map

A

Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude

31
Q

Political map

A

A map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc. Each is normally a different color

32
Q

Thematic map

A

A map specifically designed to show a particular theme connected with a geographic area

33
Q

Topographic map

A

A map that shows the surface features of an area

34
Q

Conic / polar projection

A

A method of projecting maps of parts of Earth’s surface on a surrounding cone, which is then flattened

35
Q

Interrupted projection

A

Gaps in the picture allow the map to show sizes and shapes accurately

36
Q

Mercator projection

A

A true conformal cylindrical map projection, it is particularly useful for navigation because it maintains accurate direction. Known for their distortion in an area that makes land masses at the poles appear oversized

37
Q

Robinson projection

A

Most used map - Most distances, sizes, and shapes are correct

38
Q

Peters projection

A

A rectangular map projection that maps all areas such that they have the correct sizes relative to each other

39
Q

Regions

A

A region is an area of land that has common features

40
Q

Formal / uniform / homogenous region

A

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics and is defined by the government and is official

41
Q

Functional / nodal region

A

A region that consists of a central place and the surrounding areas that depend on it

42
Q

Perceptual / vernacular region

A

A region defined by people’s beliefs

43
Q

GIS

A

A system that captures, stores, manipulates, analyzes, manages, and presents all types of geographical, spatial data

44
Q

GPS

A

A system of satellites, computers, and receivers that determines the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver

45
Q

Qualitative data

A

Data about qualities, about information that cannot be measured

46
Q

Quantitative data

A

Numerical - Data expressing a certain quantity, amount, or range

47
Q

Remote sensing technology

A

The ability to scan Earth from airborne and satellite observation platforms

48
Q

Satellite imagery

A

Photos/visuals of the earth taken by satellites

49
Q

Census data

A

Geospatial data collected by the government through the quantification of a population

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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