Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NATS 1530 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Start of the Space age

A

Oct 4th 1957

with the launch of sputnik 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

England and Australia

A

Rocket development was crucial for the UK

but no place in the UK

so they established a rocket testing facility in Woomera, South Australia (name Skylark)

Military and Science flights have been there since the 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Canada

A

Black Brant

Result of Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment (CARDE)

4th country to operate a satellite

Operational for 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1957

A

Sputnik 1: start of the space age

Sputnik 2: first living creature in space
* Laika the dog

Vanguard tv-3: complete failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

US response to Sputnik

A

a year later in 1958

successfully launched a satellite Explorer 1

using the Juno 1 rocket (Von Braun design)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formation of NASA

A

President Eisenhower

singed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act (NASA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mercury 7

A

NASAs first astronaut selection

The famed “Right stuff”

All military test pilots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Luna 2

A

Soviet impactor probe

impacted the moon

1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Luna 3

A

Took images of the Lunar farside

1959

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Space Race

A

1961, the Soviet Union launched the first human into space
* Yuri Gagarin

Us responded with NASA flying Alan Shepard as a sub-orbital flight

More importantly, it empowered President John Kennedy to commit the US to a moon landing “by the end of the decade” in 1961

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mercury 13

A

NASA didn’t let women be astronauts until 1978

13 women passed the same test that Mercury 7 experienced
* Wakky Funk only member of the 13, flew into space in 2021

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Venera 1 and Mariner 2

A

Both Flew by Venus in 1961 and 1962

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

First Woman in Space

A

Valentina Tereshkova (1963)

Soviet Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First Walks in space

A

Alexi Leonov (soviet union)

Ed White (US)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mariner 4

A

flyby of Mars 1965

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

First lunar landing

A

Luna 9 (soviet)

The first successful soft landing on the moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lunar Mission

A

Luna 1958 - 1975
* 15 of 44 successful missions (Flyby, Orbit, Landing)
* Soviet

Ranger 1961 - 1965
* 4 of 7 successful hard impact missions
* US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spin-Offs

A

even though the space age was short its implications were very helpful

  • Weather satellites
  • Worldwide communication became easier
  • Encouraged lower-mass electronic components
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apollo 1 and Soyuz 1

A

The tragic incidents of both spacecraft led to significant changes and improvements in human spaceflight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Saturn V rocket

A

development under the guidance of Wernher von Braun

Only launcher to date that has carried humans beyond Earth’s orbit

had a perfect flight record of 13 out of 13

21
Q

Humans on the moon

A

Apollo 11 (1969)
* with Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins were the first to walk on the moon

6 successful mission to the surface of the moon
* 12 people walked, ran, and drove

We haven’t been back since 1972

22
Q

Apollo Leagacy

A

Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17
* All made it to the moon and
* Brought back 400kg of rocks

only Apollo 13 didn’t make it to the moon

23
Q

Soviet on the moon

A

Although the soviet space program did not ever land people on the moon

But they had impressive missions on the moon
* Luna 15 a sample return mission
* Luna 16 returned 101gm of lunar soil to Earth

the next most valuable mission arguably are the “Roving” missions

24
Q

Planetary exploration: Venus

A

Following the flyby mission in the 1960s

First successful soft landing occurred with Venera 7 (soviet) in 1970

  • The probe only survived 53min (20min)
  • Venus has a carbon dioxide atmosphere
  • Surface temp of 475C
  • Atmospheric pressure 90 time Earth
25
Q

Planetary exploration: Mars

A

In 1971

multiple missions to Mars
* Mariner 9 orbited Mars
* Mars 2 and 3 crashed into mars
* Mars 3 landed and transmitted for 110s

26
Q

After the space race

A

Everyone turned their attention to space stations and orbiting habitats

And reusability and cost efficiencies

27
Q

First space station

A

Salyt 1
* 1971
* 6 months
* Controlled de-orbit

28
Q

Skylab

A

Utilize leftover hardware from the Apollo program

It was an orbiting Workshop

Crashed (uncontrolled)

29
Q

Space Shuttle Development

A

Space transportation system (STS)

1981 - 2011 with 5 shuttles

flew 136 missions and carried 355 astronauts

Referred to as a space truck

it didn’t fly higher than LEO

Generated cost-effective access to LEO

First atmospheric and landing flight for Enterprise 1977

30
Q

Planetary Exploration: Jupiter

A

Pioneer 19 was the first mission venture beyound the Main asteroid belt and visit Jupiter 1972

First spacecraft to achieve escape velocity from the solar system

31
Q

Planetary exploration: Mercury

A

Mercury is a difficult planet to reach despite being relatively close to Earth

Mariner 10 launched in 1973 and was the first spacecraft to fly by multiple planets

32
Q

Apollo - Soyuz

A

In 1975

first crewed international mission between the soviet union and the US

The orbital docking of Apollo and Soyuz is considered the end of space race

33
Q

Planetary exploration: mars

A

Viking program (NASA) 1976 with 2 landers

45 years since the biking program many missions from NASA, ESA, India, UAE, and China have deployed assets into orbit as well as onto the ground

34
Q

European Space Agency (ESA)

A

An early version of ESA was formed in March 1964

ESA with its current 22 nation associates formed in 1975

35
Q

Space shuttle era

A

1981 - 2011

started with the launch of space shuttle Columbia

36
Q

Shuttle

A

launched with a rocket but flew like a glider after re-entry and touched down on a runway

No parachute landings like Apollo or Soyuz

the shuttle is reusable but costly

solid rocket boosters are also reusable

37
Q

First US woman in space

A

Sally Ride 1983

38
Q

Shuttle Accomplishments

A

launched missions such as
* Galileo (Jupiter)
* Magellan (Venus)
* Hubble space telescope
* Repair mission to HST
* Assembled the International Space station

39
Q

Shuttle Disasters

A

Shuttle challenger STS 51L (1986)
* 73 seconds into flight one SRBs slammed into the external fuel tank
* All 7 astronauts died.

Shuttle Columbia STS 107 (2003)
* piece of ice foam slamming into it 8s second after launch
* All 7 astronauts died

40
Q

Challenges to Mars Exploration

A

Russia is to still land on Mars and transmit data for more than 110s

Autonomous landing sequence (7min of terror)

Sample return mission planned by the end of 2020s or early 2030

41
Q

Benefits of space exploration

A

Industry worth billions to the economies
* high paying jobs

42
Q

Planetary exploration: Jovian Worlds

A

Pinonner 10 explored the solar system beyound the Main Asteroid Belt

To date this region has only been explored by NASA

43
Q

New horizon

A

2006

Jupiter gravity assist

Pluto’s Arrival 2015

Kuiper belt reconnaissance 2019

44
Q

Kuiper belt object Arraktoh (Froamlly Ultima Thule)

A

images from new horizon 2019

Most distant solar system object imaged from a spacecraft

45
Q

Other mission of note

A

Giotto
* Spacecraft (ESA) intercepted and imaged comet hally March 1986
Ulysses
* Spacecraft (NASA/ESA) flew over both poles of the sun between 1990 and 2009
Stardust
* Spacecraft (NASA) was a sample return mission collecting dust from interplanetary space and Comet Wild 2 between 1999 and 2006
Genesis
* (NASA) collected samples of the sun’s solar wind
Dawn
* (NASA) used ion propulsion to orbit both asteroid Vesta and Dwarf Planet Ceres
Hayabusa
* (JAXA) was a sample return mission to asteroid Itokawa

46
Q

Space telescopes

A

Hubble
* Most famous

At least 15 gamma-ray wavelength observations

At least 35 x-ray wavelength observations have been launched

James Web Space Telescope (JWST)
* Most anticipated telescope to date
* took over 20 years and 10 billion dollars to build
* launched in 2021 and first images came out in 2022

47
Q

India in space

A

ISRO in 1969

48
Q

Japan in Space

A

JAXA 2003

49
Q

private Industry

A

over the past 20 years, nonstate entities have become a part of the exploitation of space, particularly LEO

ex.
* SpaceX
* Blue Origin, …

NATS 1530 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions