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NATS 1530 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of the Night Sky (Before)

A

Survival
Timekeeping
led to the development of calendars

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2
Q

Early Observations of the Night Sky

A

Periodic Motion
Planets (5 points of light) (Dirty mirrors) (Wonders)

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3
Q

5 Early Points of Light (Wonders)

A

Mercury
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn

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4
Q

Zenith

A

Looking Straight Up from where you are

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5
Q

Nadir

A

Looking Straight Down from where you are

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6
Q

Stars at the North Pole (90 Degrees latitude)

A

Circles the zenith
Do not rise or set

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7
Q

Stars at the Equator (0 Degrees latitude)

A

The Stars rise Straight Up and Set Straight Down

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8
Q

Stars at Intermediate Latitude

A

Stars rise and set at an angle to the horizon

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9
Q

Celestial Sphere

A

An Imaginary Sphere that surrounds Earth

Divided into 88 Sections

containing all constellations

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9
Q

Constellations

A

13 of them

the sun passes through them during the year

Ophiuchus 13th one (Early December)

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9
Q

The Celestial Tilt

A

The Equator is tilted by 23.5 degrees to the ecliptic

Reason for seasons

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10
Q

Sun in the Winter

A

The sun is lower in the sky

rays spread out over a wider area (less effective at heating)

Winter solstice Dec 21

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10
Q

Rotation of the Moon

A

Rotates around Earth in ~29.5 days

Rotates around itself

It rotates the same period that it revolves so we always see the same side of the moon

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10
Q

Sun in the Summer

A

The sun is higher in the sky

hits Earth more directly (Spearding out less)

Summer solstice on June 21

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11
Q

Phases of the moon

A

New moon, waxing cressent, first quarter, waxing Gibbous, Full, winning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent

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12
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

The Moon going through Earth’s Shadow

Takes 2 to 3 hours

Happens twice a year

13
Q

Blood Moon

A

During a lunar Eclipse when the moon is fully covered by the Earth’s shadow

14
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

The moon casts a shadow on the Earth (100 - 150km wide)

At best 7 min

partial is more common, full is less common

15
Q

The sun Corona

A

During a solar Eclipse when the moon is fully covering the sun

we only see the solar atmosphere called corona

only safe time to look at solar eclipse without protection

16
Q

Geocentric Model

A

Created by Ptolemy

Earth was the center of the universe

Each planet orbits a small circle called an Epicycle

Each Epicycle orbits a larger circle called a different

17
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Doubted the Geocentric model

Sugested the heilocentric model

18
Q

Heliocentric Model

A

The Sun is the center of the universe

orbits were drawn as a circle (Wrong)

19
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

Believe Copernicus (Heliocentric model) couldnt prove it

use instruments to very acuretly measure the altitude of celestial objects

20
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

German Mathematician and Astronomer

Discovered basic laws, describing the heliocentric cosmology on a a firm mathematical basis

21
Q

Keplers Laws

A

1st Law:
Planets orbited the sun in elliptical paths

2nd Law (Law of Equal Areas):
Planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths, with the Sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse. This means that a planet’s distance from the Sun varies during its orbit.

closer = faster (Perihelion)
further = slower (Aphelion)

3rd Law:
The orbital period of an object is related to its distance from the sun

P^2 = A^3
p = Orbital period (Years)
A = average distance from the sun (Astronomical units)

22
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

verified Kepler’s work

Craters on the moon

Phases of Venus

Refracting telescope

23
Q

phases of Venus

A

Just like the moon Venus has phases

Takes place over a couple of 100 days

proved the heliocentric model

24
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. Identify a problem
  2. gather data
  3. assert a hypothesis
  4. test the hypothesis
  5. compare the results, and iterate.
25
Q

Laws of Nature

A

Rules: Scientific laws represent the “rules” that govern the behavior of the natural world.

Universality: These laws are believed to apply consistently throughout the universe.

Changeability: Scientific theories, models, and laws can change based on new evidence or discoveries.

26
Q

SI units

A

System international

Time –> Seconds
Distance –> Meters
Mass –> kilograms

27
Q

Issac Newton

A

Laws of Motion

gravity

optics

28
Q

Newton’s Laws of Motion

A

1st Law (Law of inertia):
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

2nd Law (F = ma):
The change of motion of an object is proportional to the direction of the force acting on it

(Force = Mass * Acceleration)

3rd Law: (Action and Reaction):
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

29
Q

Gravity

A

The gravitational attraction between two bodies is proportional to their masses

The greater the mass, greater the gravitation pull

F = G * m1 * m2/ R^2

F (N), m (KG), R (m), G the universal gravitational constant

30
Q

Inverse Square Law

A

Double the distance from a source, the intercity diminishes,

ex. double the distance intercity decrease by 1/2*2 = 1/4

31
Q

P^2 = A^3 (Most general form)

A

P^2 = 4pi^2 a^3 / G (M1 + M2)

32
Q

Mass

A

Is Intrinsic

weight is (w = m g)

33
Q

Challenges of weightlessness

A

Phycological changes

Motion sickness

Calcium depletion

Eyeballs lose their shapes

34
Q

Density

A

Amount of material that exits within a given volume

p(density) = m (Mass) * v (Volume)

water has a density of 1 gm.cm^-3

gold has a density of 19 19 gm.cm^-3

NATS 1530 (9 decks)

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