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Biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Order of Digestive Tract

A

-Mouth
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine
-Rectum
-Anus

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2
Q

Accessory Organs

A

-Teeth
-Tongue
-Salivary Glands
-Pancreas
-Liver
-Gull Bladder

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3
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physical movement breaks down food into small pieces, without changing the food chemically

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4
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Enzymes and chemicals that break down food into nutrient molecules to be absorbed into the blood stream

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5
Q

Mouth (Chem&Mech)

A

-Chewing food (Mechanical)
-Saliva contains amylase (enzyme) that breaks down starches (Chemical)

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6
Q

Stomach (Chem&Mech)

A

-Layers of muscles churn food (Mechanical)
-Gastric juice turns the bolus into chyme (Chemical)

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7
Q

Small intestine (Chem&Mech)

A

-Segmentation (Mechanical)
-Pancreas produces pancreatic juice which is secreted into the duodenum (Chemical)

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8
Q

Mouth

A

Digestion begins

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9
Q

Pharynx (Throat and Epiglottis)

A

Flap prevents food from entering the lungs by covering the trachea while swallowing

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10
Q

Esophagus (Food pipe)

A

Contraction and relaxation of muscles in a one way motion

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11
Q

Stomach

A

Churning of muscles mixes the food with gastric juice turning the bolus into chyme

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12
Q

Small intestine

A

Breaks down food and then nutrients are absorbed through the wall, into the bloodstream

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13
Q

Large intestine

A

-Absorbs water
-Absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria
-removed undigested food

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14
Q

Rectum

A

Temporarily stores feces

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15
Q

Anus

A

Ending, feces leaves the body

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16
Q

Tongue

A

Moves around food in the mouth, mixing it with saliva to form bolus

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17
Q

Teeth

A

-Food is chewed
-Incisor (8) cut
-Canines (4) Tear
-Molars (12) grind and crush food

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18
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produces saliva which contains amylase (Enzyme) which break down starches

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19
Q

Liver

A

-Detoxifies harmful substances
-produce bile

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20
Q

Gull bladder

A

-A sac that stores and concentrates bile
-secretes into the small intestine

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21
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces pancreatic juice which is secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine

22
Q

Enzymes that breaks down proteins

A

-Pepsin
-Trypsin

23
Q

Enzymes that break down fats

A

-Lipase

24
Q

Enzymes that break down carbs

A

-maltase
-Pancreatic amylase

25
Q

Movement

A

Food travels down the digestive tract

26
Q

Digestion

A

Consists of mechanical and chemical breakdown of complex food molecules

27
Q

Absorption

A

The transfer of digested nutrients from the digestive system to the bloodstream

28
Q

Egestion

A

The removal of waste food materials from the body

29
Q

3 types of salivary glands

A

-Partotid
-Submandibular
-Sublingual
(PSS)

30
Q

Difference between Peristalsis & Segmentation? Where do they occur

A

Peristalasis = Moves along food (Esophagus)
Segmentaion = Breaks down food (Small intestine)

31
Q

How many layers is the stomach made up of? What are their names

A

3 Layers
1. Longitudinal
2. Circular
3. Oblique
(LCO)

32
Q

What is the food called in the stomach after it has been mixed with gastric juice?

A

Chyme

33
Q

What are 2 sphincters in the stomach called and located?

A

Cardiac
-between esophagus and stomach
Pyloric
-between stomach and small intestine
(CP)

34
Q

Polar substance

A

-Contains oppositely changed regions (slightly positive and negative)
-hydrophilic
-will Dissolve in another polar substance
Ex. Water, Ethonal

35
Q

Non-polar substance

A

-does not have a distinct positive and negative regions
-hydrophobic
-will dissolve in another non-polar substance
Ex. Oil, gasoline

36
Q

Large intestine (Chem&Mech)

A

Has neither because it absorbs water

37
Q

What is heart burn? What causes it?

A

Reflux of stomach acid goes into the esophagus

38
Q

Protease found in the stomach

A

Pepsin

39
Q

Protease that is found in the small intestine

A

Trypsin

40
Q

pH level in the stomach

A

~2

41
Q

pH level in small intestine

A

~8.5

42
Q

Where is bile produced and stored

A

-produced in the liver
-stored in the gull bladder

43
Q

How does bile break apart fat globules into fat droplets? Is it Chem or Mech?

A

-Bile contains bile salts which breaks fat into fat droplets
-Chemical

44
Q

Villi

A

Finger-like projections located on the surface of the small intestinal wall

45
Q

Microvilli (Plural)

A

Tiny, brush-border projections found on the surface of cells make up the villi

46
Q

The Pancreas secretes a substance that is slightly basic, what is its name and function?

A

-Sodium bicarbonate
-neutralizes acidic chyme

47
Q

G.I disorder Name

A

Crohns disease

48
Q

2 Causes of crohns

A

-Faulty immune system
-genetics

49
Q

3 Symptoms of crohns

A

-Diarrhea
-Fatigue
-Abdominal pain

50
Q

3 treatments for crohns

A

-anti-inflammatory drugs
-steriods drugs
-surgery

51
Q

Small intestine is made up of 3 sections

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. ileum
    (Dji)
52
Q

Intestine 2 main functions

A

-Digestions
-Absorption

Biology (4 decks)

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