Unit 3 Flashcards
Ecological niche
The role a species plays within an ecosystem
What does the k in k-selected mean
Carrying capacity
What does the r mean in r-selected species
Growth rate
Biotic potential
The maximum reproductive rate under ideal conditions
K-selected species characteristics
-few offspring (heavy parental care)
-long lifespan (long time to sexual maturity)
-low biotic potential & slow pop. Growth rate
-more likely to be disrupted by environmental changes
r-selected species characteristics
-many offspring (low parental care)
-shorter lifespan (quick to sexual maturity)
-high biotic potential & high pop. Growth rate
-more likely to be invasive, and can adapt to environmental changes
Survivorship curve
A line that shows survival rate of a cohort in pop. From birth to death
Cohort
Group of same-aged individuals
Type 1 survivorship curve characteristics
-Mostly K-selected species
-high survivorship in early life due to high parental care
-high survivorship in mid-life due to large size & defensive behavior
Type 2 survivorship curve characteristics
-in between r&K selected species
-steadily decreasing survivorship throughout life
Type 3 survivorship curve characteristics
High mortality rate early in life, few make it to mid life;slow steady decline in survivorship in old age
Carrying capacity (K)
Highest pop. Size an ecosystem can support based on limiting resources
Overshoot
When a pop. Briefly exceeds K
Consequences of overshoot
Resource depletion
Damage to environment
Die off
Sharp decrease in pop. Size when resource depletion (overshoot) leads to many individuals dying
Larger size of a pop=
Safer from pop decline
Density
of individuals/area
High density=
Higher competition and possibility for desease
Distribution
How individuals in a pop are spaced out compared to each other
Types of distribution
Random
Uniform
Clumped
Sex ratio
Ratio of males to females