Unit 1

Question 1

Symbioses

Answer 1

Any close and long term interaction between two organisms
mutualism (++), commensalism (+0) and parasitism (+-) are all symbiotic

Question 2

Mutualism

Answer 2

A branch of symbioses that has to be positive for both organisms

Question 3

Temporal niche partitioning

Answer 3

Competing species using the same resources at different times

Question 4

Spatial niche partitioning

Answer 4

Competing species use the same resources in different regions/spaces

Question 5

Morphological partitioning

Answer 5

Two species that have evolved slightly differently to utilize the same resources

Question 6

Biome

Answer 6

An area of land with similar temp and precipitation rate

Question 7

Tropical rain forest

Answer 7

Nutrient-poor soil, from all the plants using them

Question 8

Boreal forest

Answer 8

Nutrient-poor soil due to low temp and decomp rate

Question 9

Temperate forest

Answer 9

Nutrient rich soil due to lots of dead org matter and warm temp

Question 10

Latitude

Answer 10

The distance from the equator

0-30- tropical
30-60-temperate
60-90-tundra/taiga

Question 11

Abiotic characteristics

Answer 11

All nine living parts of a biome

Question 12

Literal zone

Answer 12

Shallow area of soil and water where cattails and algae grows

Question 13

Limetic zone

Answer 13

No rooted plant life but you can have algae

Question 14

Profundal zone

Answer 14

Deepest zone of water, no plant life

Question 15

Benthic zone

Answer 15

The bottom of the lake

Question 16

Oligotrophic

Answer 16

Lakes with low primary productivity due to low nutrients

Question 17

Mesotrophic

Answer 17

Moderate levels of primary productivity

Question 18

Eutrophic

Answer 18

Lakes with high levels of algae bloom/primary productivity

Question 19

Intertidal zone

Answer 19

Narrow band of coastline submerged in high tide and uncovered in low tide

Question 20

Coral reefs

Answer 20

Exist in warm shallow water, and are the most diverse marine biomes

Question 21

Estuaries have ______ productivity due to _____

Answer 21

High;excess sediment

Question 22

Estuaries

Answer 22

Areas where rivers empty into the sea

Question 23

Open ocean

Answer 23

Only algae and phytoplankton, their produce most of earths o2

Question 24

Photic zone

Answer 24

The area in water where sunlight can reach

Question 25

Aphotic zone

Answer 25

The area in water that is too deep for sunlight to reach

Question 26

mutualism ex.

Answer 26

-coral provides reef structure and co2 for algae; algae provides sugar for coral
-lichen fungi living with algae

Question 27

ecosystem basics

Answer 27

Individual- single organism
Population- group of single organism
Community- all living organisms within a region
Ecosystem- all living and non-living things in an area
Biome- large area with similar climate conditions (ex. rain forest)
Biosphere- parts of the earth where life exists

Question 28

interspecific compitition

Answer 28

between different species

Question 29

intraspecific competition

Answer 29

between the same species

Question 30

salt marsh

Answer 30

estuaries around temperate climates

Question 31

mangrove swamp

Answer 31

Estuaries around tropical climates

Question 32

Hydraulic water cycle

Answer 32

movement of water between sources and sinks

Question 33

source

Answer 33

gives more then it takes in

Question 34

sink

Answer 34

it takes more than it gives

Question 35

what drives the water cycle

Answer 35

energy from the sun

Question 36

what is the largest water reservoir

Answer 36

the ocean

Question 37

what is the largest fresh water reservoir

Answer 37

ice caps and groundwater

Question 38

transpiration

Answer 38

the process plants use to draw groundwater into themselves

Question 39

evapotranperation

Answer 39

amount of h2o that enters the atm. from transpiration and evaporation combined

Question 40

run off and infiltration

Answer 40

precip. either flows over the earths surface to another body of water (runoff) or it penetrates into the soil recharging groundwater (infiltration)

Question 41

water cycle is

Answer 41

the movement of water between sources and sinks

Question 42

energy from the ______ drives the water cycle

Answer 42

sun

Question 43

the ocean is the ____ reservoir of water

Answer 43

largest

Question 44

what is the biggest reservoir of fresh water

Answer 44

ice caps and groundwater

Question 45

carbon cycle is both ____ and _____

Answer 45

slow (sedimentation) and fast (fossil fuels and combustion

Question 46

carbon sinks

Answer 46

ocean, plants, soil

Question 47

carbon sources

Answer 47

fossil fuels, animals, deforestation

Question 48

photosynthesis and cellular respiration equations

Answer 48

co2+h2o -> c6h12o6+o2 = photosynthesis

c6h12o6+o2 -> co2+h2o = respiration

Question 49

Photosynthesis facts

Answer 49

-only plants do this
-co2 sink

Question 50

cellular respiration facts

Answer 50

-all living things do this
-uses o2 to break down glucose
- releases co2-source

Question 51

how humans effect the carbon cycle

Answer 51

-without humans the carbon cycle is balanced
-we are clearing trees so less co2 can be taken out of the atm.

Question 52

direct exchange carbon cycle

Answer 52

between atm. and ocean
-fast

Question 53

sedimentation carbon cycle

Answer 53

-dissolved co2 combines with calcium turning into limestone
-slow

Question 54

burial carbon cycle

Answer 54

-largest carbon reservoir
-sedimentary rock including dead biomass get fossilized and buried (fossil fuels)
-slow

Question 55

extraction carbon cycle

Answer 55

digging up/mining fossil fuels; recent phenomenon
-fast

Question 56

combustion carbon cycle

Answer 56

burning fuel releases co2. Occurred naturally w/ volcanoes, now humans contribute w/ fossil fuels
-fast