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Enviro 24-25 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Symbioses

A

Any close and long term interaction between two organisms
mutualism (++), commensalism (+0) and parasitism (+-) are all symbiotic

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2
Q

Mutualism

A

A branch of symbioses that has to be positive for both organisms

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3
Q

Temporal niche partitioning

A

Competing species using the same resources at different times

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4
Q

Spatial niche partitioning

A

Competing species use the same resources in different regions/spaces

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5
Q

Morphological partitioning

A

Two species that have evolved slightly differently to utilize the same resources

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6
Q

Biome

A

An area of land with similar temp and precipitation rate

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7
Q

Tropical rain forest

A

Nutrient-poor soil, from all the plants using them

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8
Q

Boreal forest

A

Nutrient-poor soil due to low temp and decomp rate

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9
Q

Temperate forest

A

Nutrient rich soil due to lots of dead org matter and warm temp

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10
Q

Latitude

A

The distance from the equator

0-30- tropical
30-60-temperate
60-90-tundra/taiga

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11
Q

Abiotic characteristics of biome

A

All none living parts of a biome

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12
Q

Literal zone

A

Shallow area of soil and water where cattails and algae grows

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13
Q

Limetic zone

A

No rooted plant life but you can have algae

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14
Q

Profundal zone

A

Deepest zone of water, no plant life

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15
Q

Benthic zone

A

The bottom of the lake

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16
Q

Oligotrophic

A

Lakes with low primary productivity due to low nutrients

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17
Q

Mesotrophic

A

Moderate levels of primary productivity

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18
Q

Eutrophic

A

Lakes with high levels of algae bloom/primary productivity

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19
Q

Intertidal zone

A

Narrow band of coastline submerged in high tide and uncovered in low tide

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20
Q

Coral reefs

A

Exist in warm shallow water, and are the most diverse marine biomes

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21
Q

Estuaries have ______ productivity due to _____

A

High;excess sediment

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22
Q

Estuaries

A

Areas where rivers empty into the sea

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23
Q

Open ocean

A

Only algae and phytoplankton, their produce most of earths o2

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24
Q

Photic zone

A

The area in water where sunlight can reach

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25
Aphotic zone
The area in water that is too deep for sunlight to reach
26
mutualism ex.
-coral provides reef structure and co2 for algae; algae provides sugar for coral -lichen fungi living with algae
27
ecosystem basics
Individual- single organism Population- group of single organism Community- all living organisms within a region Ecosystem- all living and non-living things in an area Biome- large area with similar climate conditions (ex. rain forest) Biosphere- parts of the earth where life exists
28
interspecific compitition
between different species
29
intraspecific competition
between the same species
30
salt marsh
estuaries around temperate climates
31
mangrove swamp
Estuaries around tropical climates
32
Hydraulic water cycle
movement of water between sources and sinks
33
source
gives more then it takes in
34
sink
it takes more than it gives
35
what drives the water cycle
energy from the sun
36
what is the largest water reservoir
the ocean
37
what is the largest fresh water reservoir
ice caps and groundwater
38
transpiration
the process plants use to draw groundwater into themselves
39
evapotranperation
amount of h2o that enters the atm. from transpiration and evaporation combined
40
run off and infiltration
precip. either flows over the earths surface to another body of water (runoff) or it penetrates into the soil recharging groundwater (infiltration)
41
water cycle is
the movement of water between sources and sinks
42
energy from the ______ drives the water cycle
sun
43
the ocean is the ____ reservoir of water
largest
44
what is the biggest reservoir of fresh water
ice caps and groundwater
45
carbon cycle is both ____ and _____
slow (sedimentation) and fast (fossil fuels and combustion
46
carbon sinks
ocean, plants, soil
47
carbon sources
fossil fuels, animals, deforestation
48
photosynthesis and cellular respiration formulas
co2+h2o -> c6h12o6+o2 = photosynthesis c6h12o6+o2 -> co2+h2o = respiration
49
Photosynthesis facts
-only plants do this -co2 sink
50
cellular respiration facts
-all living things do this -uses o2 to break down glucose - releases co2-source
51
how humans effect the carbon cycle
-without humans the carbon cycle is balanced -we are clearing trees so less co2 can be taken out of the atm.
52
direct exchange carbon cycle
between atm. and ocean -fast
53
sedimentation carbon cycle
-dissolved co2 combines with calcium turning into limestone -slow
54
burial carbon cycle
-largest carbon reservoir -sedimentary rock including dead biomass get fossilized and buried (fossil fuels) -slow
55
extraction carbon cycle
digging up/mining fossil fuels; recent phenomenon -fast
56
combustion carbon cycle
burning fuel releases co2. Occurred naturally w/ volcanoes, now humans contribute w/ fossil fuels -fast
57
major reservoirs of phosphorus cycle
rocks and sediment
58
is P cycle slow or fast
slow
59
why P cycle slow
-it takes a long time for P to be weathered out of rocks -It doesnt have a gas form
60
P is a ________ resources
limiting
61
P is used for
DNA, and ATP
62
P cycle steps
-Phosphates are uplifted from tectonic movement -P is removed from rocks by weathering -P enters water and soil and is assimilated by living things -decomp of animal waste and dead org. matter returns P too water -P precip. out of water as sediment and compressed to rock
63
what is the biggest N cycle reservoir
The atm.
64
N is held together by a ____ bond
triple
65
Nitrogen fixation (abiotic, and biotic)
turning nitrous oxide into nitrate or ammonia -lightning -bacteria in soil (on legume plants)
66
N cycle steps
-N fixation -Nitrification (soil bacteria converting ammonia to nitrate) -assimilation (plants take up nitrate or ammonia through roots) -ammonification (decomposers convert dead/waste back into nitrate) -denitrification (nitrate can be converted to nitrous oxide by soil and goes back to atm.)
67
primary producer
an organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis (AKA Autotrophs)
68
primary productivity
the rate that solar energy is converted into org. compound (glucose) via photosynthesis over a unit of time (AKA rate of photosynthesis or amount of plant growth)
69
high PP =
very biodiverse
70
low PP=
not very diverse
71
calculating PP formula
NPP=GPP-RL
72
GPP (gross primary productivity)
total amount of photosynthesis
73
RL (respiration loss)
Amount of energy used by plants via cellular respiration is
74
NPP (net primary productivity)
the amount of energy left over after the plant uses what it needs to
75
trophic level
nourishment level
76
trophic levels
-Apex predator (5th) -tertiary consumers - secondary consumer -primary consumers (Herbivores) -primary producers (1st) (plants)
77
laws of thermodynamics
!st: Energy can't be created or destroyed, only transferred 2nd: Energy transfer is not 100 percent efficient some is "lost" as heat
78
Ecological efficiency
proportion of consumed energy passed from one trophic level to another. averaging 10%
79
Food chain V.S food web
food chain is simple while food web is more complex

Enviro 24-25 (8 decks)

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