Unit 3 Flashcards
Cognitive development in adolescence (87 cards)
What ages are the 4 stages of Piagets theory of development in?
Birth to 2 years
2 - 7 years
7- 11 years
11 - adulthood
Which mental processes do the 4 stages of Piagets theory of development contain?
Sensorimotor intelligence (birth-2)
Preoperational Thought (2-7)
Concrete Operations (7-11)
Formal Operations (11-adulthood)
What is a short description of the Sensorimotor Intelligence stage from Piagets theory?
Infants ‘think’ by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands and mouth
What do Infants in the Sensorimotor intelligence stage invent?
ways of solving sensorimotor problems
What is the main development in the sensorimotor stage?
to understand that objects exist, and events occur in the world independently of one’s actions
When is Object permanence developed and what is it?
in the sensorimotor intelligence
- knowing an object exists even if it is hidden
What is a short description of the Preoperational thought stage from Piagets theory?
Preschool children use symbols to represent their earlier sensorimotor discoveries
Can children in the preoperational thought use cognitive operations?
not yet
What takes place in the Preoperational thought?
Development of language and make-believe play
What can children not do yet in the preoperational stage?
use logic or transform, combine or separate ideas
What is a short description of the Concrete Operational stage from Piagets theory?
Children’s reasoning becomes logical and better organized
-> only apply logic to physical objects
Which kind of thinking do children develop in the concrete operational stage?
organized and rational thinking
Can children in the concrete operational stage think abstractly or hypothetically?
no
What is a short description of the Formal Operational Stage from Piagets theory?
Adolescents gain ability to think in abstract manner by manipulating ideas in their head
What are adolescents in the formal operational stage not dependent on?
concrete manipulation
What can adolescents do in the formal operational stage?
mathematical calculations, thinking creatively, use abstract reasoning and imagine the outcome of particular actions
How are problems approached in the formal operational stage?
in a systematic and organized manner
What is hypothetical deductive reasoning?
the ability to think scientifically through generalizing predictions or hypotheses to answer questions
What are formal operations are carried out on?
ideas
can adolescents think in hypothetical and abstract concepts?
yes
what is important for regarding the future?
abstract thought
What is an everyday example of the sensorimotor stage?
baby playing with a rattling toy. at first, accidentally shaking it - hearing the sound. .
then: repeat action, learn that shaking the rattle causes sound
-> understanding cause and effect
What is an everyday example of the preoperational stage?
child playing ‘pretending’ banana is a phone
-> symbolic thinking
What is an everyday example of the concrete operational stage?
child is learning math and can understand that two equal rows of coins in different orders (one spread out) doesn’t change the number of coins
-> concept of conservation