Unit 3 Flashcards
Chloride
anion
sodium
cation
potassium
cation
bicarbonate
anion
magnesium
cation
urea
nonelectrolyte
calcium
cation
creatinine
nonelectrolyte
dextrose
nonelectrolyte
phosphate
anion
What is homeostasis?
Maintenance of constant conditions in the internal environment
What 4 major organs are involved in homeostasis?
Heart, lungs, kidneys, and adrenal glands
Is proportional to total number of particles in the fluid
osmotic pressure
What percentage of body weight of a full-term newborn is made up of water?
70-80%
What percentage of body weight for a 65-year-old woman is made up of water?
46
Functions of water in the body include?
Providing for ionization of electrolytes, regulating body temperature, and acting as a solvent for a variety of substances
Water balance is necessary for the maintenance of?
homeostasis
Which body fluid compartment contains the smallest volume of fluid at any given time?
Transcellular
Which body fluid compartment contains 40% of body weight?
intracellular
The total number of cations is equal to the total number of anions
electrolytes
Normal range for pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
acid-base balance
the balance between the acids and the alkalies within the body
Hyponatremia
sodium deficit
metabolic alkalosis
base bicarbonate excess
respiratory acidosis
carbonic acid deficit
hypercalcemia
excess calcium
hypokalemia
potassium deficit
FVD
fluid volume deficit
Excessive sodium and fluid intake is a recognized cause of
fluid volume excess
what condition may GI suctioning and fistulas and K-depleting drugs cause?
hypokalemia
What condition is characterized by dry, sticky mucous membranes?
Hypernatremia
What condition is characterized by pulmonary edema, distended neck veins, peripheral edema, and a bounding, rapid pulse?
fluid volume excess
Vague muscle weakness, GI hyperactivity, and parathesia of face, tongue, feet, and hands are signs and symptoms of:
hyperkalemia
Postural hypotension, altered sensorium, and slow-filling hand veins are signs and symptoms of:
fluid volume deficit
The nursing objective in fluid and electrolyte imbalances is to know the importance of:
evaluating patient’s fluid and electrolyte status in order to recognize disturbance and initiate appropriate intervention.
Loss of water and electrolytes as a consequence of abnormal loss of body fluids are identified factors causing:
fluid volume deficit
Excessive amounts of sodium and an abnormal loss of water is the cause of:
hypernatremia
pH
Indicator of hydrogen ion concentration of free-acid activity
hypertonic fluid
Fluid that increases osmotic pressure drawing fluid from cells
isotonic fluid
Fluid whose action is expansion of extracellular fluid compartment
hypotonic fluid
Fluid that decreases osmotic pressure forcing fluid into cells
tonicity of fluid
determined by relation to osmolarity of normal blood plasma
What organization establishes the tests, standards, and specifications applicable to injections of intravenous fluids?
United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
How many calories are contained in 1 L of dextrose 5% in water?
170
Extended or excessive infusion of dextrose in water parenteral fluids can result in:
water intoxication
When excessively infused, which of the following parenteral fluids can cause dilutional hyponatremia in persons predisposed to water retention?
0.45% sodium chloride
Which of the following is the most frequently administered balanced electrolyte fluid?
lactated ringer’s
What is the indication for use of amino acid administration?
Source of protein to maintain positive nitrogen balance in TPN therapy
A true statement about nutritional lipid emulsions is that they
provide a concentrated source of calories and prevent essential fatty acid deficiency
Which of the following assessment parameters is considered to be of the most crucial importance before initiating parenteral fluid therapy?
renal status
Identified parameters in the assessment of patients receiving parenteral fluid therapy include:
comparison of I & O, vital signs, skin turgor, and laboratory values
The two objectives of parenteral fluid administration are maintenance therapy and replacement therapy
true
