Unit 2 Flashcards
Functions of the skin?
protection, temp regulation, and sensation
What are the layers of the skin?
Dermis, Epidermis, superficial fascia
Highly sensitive & vascular layer of the skin?
dermis
Skin layer that connects the dermis to underlying tissue and contains the majority of veins used in IV Therapy?
superficial fascia
vessels carrying oxygenated blood from heart to tissue?
arteries
connects capillaries and veins
venules
more numerous than arteries
veins
microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules
capillaries
connects arteries and capillaries
arterioles
Characteristic of veins
veins do not pulsate and are more numerous than arteries
Applicable to arteries
comprised circulation to tissue area d/t injury
Structural components common to both veins and arteries include which of the following?
Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia
What is a true statement of valves?
Purpose is to prevent back flow of blood
Which cannot generate vasoconstriction
Infusion of an infusate warmed by warming device
What are factors that could predispose an IV therapy patient to a vasovagal reaction?
Unfamiliarity with venipuncture procedure,traumatic experience associated with previous IV therapy, Preconceived fear of needles or IV therapy itself
Edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues
Valve
Any contrivance or arrangement that regulates the amount and direction of flow of liquid, gas, vapor, or loose material
Pathophysiology
disease that changes the structural or functional state of an organ
What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood into the arterial system
What IV therapy-related factors can cause variations in heart function and respiratory rates?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
What IV therapy-related factors are likely to cause variations in respiratory function?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, pH change, and emboli
What is the function of the pulmonary system?
Exchange of gases between organism and environment
What IV therapy-related factors would cause a change in respiratory rate?
Electrolyte imbalance, emboli, and medication
Hematology
study of blood
Plasma
fluid portion of the blood
Functions of blood
*delivers vital substances to capillaries
*delivers metabolic end products to organs
*aids in regulating body temperature
*Maintains acid-base balance that is essential for homeostasis
*Protects against bacterial invasion & disease
Amount of blood
7% of body weight (5L in adults)
Blood formation
red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
Components of Blood
-Plasma
-Blood proteins
- Nutritive materials
- Mineral salts
-Gases
-Waste products
-Hormones
-antibodies
-enzymes
Amount of plasma
53-58% of blood
Function of blood proteins
assist in blood clotting & immune system
Function of gases found in the blood?
assist in pH balance (ex. O2, CO2)
Funtion of Enzymes found in the blood?
body metabolism
Leukocytes Function?
protects body against infection
Erythrocytes Function?
Aids in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
Thrombocytes Function?
Clotting
List the steps of the blood clotting process
1.Platelets form a white thrombus, or platelet plug.
2.Platelets release serotonin.
3.Blood vessel goes into spasm narrowing vessel to decrease blood loss
4.Platelets release thromboplastin.
5.Thrombin works with fibrinogen to produce fibrin to form a meshwork that traps erythrocytes.
of liters of blood in an adult?
5
What 2 factors can alter normal blood clotting?
certain disease processes and medications
