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Science > Unit 3 15 > Flashcards

Unit 3 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Conduction

A

When heat is transferred between neighbouring particles

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2
Q

Examples of insulators

A

Wood,fibreglass,wool

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3
Q

How is heat loss reduced in the home?

A

Using double glazing,fibreglass insulation in lofts

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4
Q

Convection

A

Occurs in liquids and gases (fluids) when particles move,carrying heat with them

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5
Q

How do convection currents spread heat in fluids?

A

When they are heated from the base or cooled from the top

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6
Q

How are unwanted transfers of heat energy in the home reduced?

A

Using draughty excluders,
keeping doors and windows closed,
blocking unused fireplaces

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7
Q

When is radiation emitted?

A

When infrared waves transfer heat energy from the surface of objects.

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8
Q

Which objects radiate energy more quickly?

Hot/cooler

A

Hot

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9
Q

When do objects cool down?

A

If they radiate heat

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10
Q

When do objects warm up?

A

If they absorb radiation

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11
Q

Which radiates more energy in a given time?

Black matt objects // shiny objects

A

Black Matt

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12
Q

How are heat losses in the home reduced?

A

By putting foil on walls behind radiators

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13
Q

What does a black surface do?

A

Helps a cool object heat up quickly,

Allows a hot object to cool down quickly

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14
Q

Payback time =

A

Cost of installation / annual savings

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15
Q

What is payback time?

A

The time for the cost of installing energy saving measures to match the savings they generate

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16
Q

How can householders save cost by reducing energy losses?

A

Reducing heat losses
Using efficient equipment
Using equipment more efficiently

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17
Q

Why is double glazing’s payback time very long?

A

Expensive to install,does not reduce heat losses much

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18
Q

What do U-Values do?

A

Measure the rate of heat loss through a material

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19
Q

Why do good heat conductors like metals have a high U-value?

A

They transfer heat quickly

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20
Q

What does a low U-value mean?

A

Heat is transferred more slowly through the material

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21
Q

Why do architects aim to specify materials with low U-values?

A

To reduce heat losses in winter and so keep a home warm

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22
Q

Why is it more important to use materials with a low U-value for walls than for Windows?

A

Walls-larger surface area so more heat is lost through them

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23
Q

What can closed air systems in homes lead to?

A

A build up of indoor pollutants

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24
Q

Name examples of indoor air pollutants:

A

Dust,mound and spores,pollen,smoke,fumes from household products,carbon monoxide

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25
Q

What are symptoms of exposure to high levels of indoor pollution?

A 
Asthma
Headaches 
Tiredness
Nausea
Itchy nose
Sore throat
26
Q

What are the effects of mould,spores,dust?

A

Allergic reactions,itchy nose

27
Q

Effects of soot and smoke?

A

Lung damage,sore throat,watery eyes

28
Q

Effects of fuels and cleaning products?

A

Nausea,tiredness,headaches

29
Q

Effects of carbon monoxide?

A

Tiredness,death

30
Q

What can exposure to hazardous chemicals cause?

A

Dizziness,rashes,headaches

31
Q

Harmful

A

Damage health

32
Q

Irritant

A

Rashes. Same as harmful

Don’t touch with bare skin,don’t inhale/eat or drink

33
Q

Corrosive

A

Chemical burns.

Use gloves/eye protection

34
Q

Environmental hazard

A

Dispose carefully.

Can harm animals/plants

35
Q

Flammable

A

Keep sealed/away from heat sources

36
Q

Toxic

A

Poisonous.

Use cloves,don’t drink

37
Q

When does incomplete combustion occur?

A

When a fuel is burned without enough oxygen

38
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce?

A

Carbon monoxide and soot

39
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

A

It binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells—

replaces the oxygen in your red blood cells

40
Q

What is the chemical reaction for incomplete combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon

41
Q

How is incomplete combustion different to complete combustion?

A

It releases less energy

Very dangerous-carbon monoxide gas is poisonous

42
Q

How can you prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

Regularly servicing gas/oil boilers helps ensure they are properly ventilated and performing complete combustion

43
Q

What is radon gas?

A

A radioactive gas that seeps naturally out of rocks like granite.
Can cause cancer

44
Q

What do the rocks that radon seeps under contain?

A

Uranium,plutonium

45
Q

What can radioactivity in radon gas do to your body?

A

Damage cells in lungs-become cancerous

46
Q

Why are smokers affected more than non smokers by lung cancer caused by radon gas?

A

Cells in lungs are already damaged from smoking

47
Q

How can radon levels be reduced?

A

By ventilating the building

48
Q

Why isn’t radon gas a pollutant in all parts of the country?

A

Radon gas only seems out of certain types of rocks which are only found in some parts of country

49
Q

Flammable

A

Keep sealed/away from heat sources

50
Q

Toxic

A

Poisonous.

Use cloves,don’t drink

51
Q

When does incomplete combustion occur?

A

When a fuel is burned without enough oxygen

52
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce?

A

Carbon monoxide and soot

53
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

A

It binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells—

replaces the oxygen in your red blood cells

54
Q

What is the chemical reaction for incomplete combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon

55
Q

How is incomplete combustion different to complete combustion?

A

It releases less energy

Very dangerous-carbon monoxide gas is poisonous

56
Q

How can you prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

Regularly servicing gas/oil boilers helps ensure they are properly ventilated and performing complete combustion

57
Q

What is radon gas?

A

A radioactive gas that seeps naturally out of rocks like granite.
Can cause cancer

58
Q

What do the rocks that radon seeps under contain?

A

Uranium,plutonium

59
Q

What can radioactivity in radon gas do to your body?

A

Damage cells in lungs-become cancerous

60
Q

Why are smokers affected more than non smokers by lung cancer caused by radon gas?

A

Cells in lungs are already damaged from smoking

61
Q

How can radon levels be reduced?

A

By ventilating the building

62
Q

Why isn’t radon gas a pollutant in all parts of the country?

A

Radon gas only seems out of certain types of rocks which are only found in some parts of country

Science (20 decks)

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