Unit 3

Question 1

functional assessments and DRAs will often lead to

Answer 1

poor speakers becoming better listeners.

Question 2

saying “milk” after eating a spicy meatball sandwich is an example of which verbal operant?

Answer 2

mand

Question 3

fiona says “cat” she shrek says “cat”. this is an example of an

Answer 3

echoic

Question 4

in a functional account of language, the unit of analysis is the…

Answer 4

verbal operant

Question 5

in terms of writing the word “kite” when you hear the word “kite”, there is…

Answer 5

point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity

Question 6

ben says, “what is your favorite ice cream flavor?” jerry replies “cherry garcia”. jerry’s statement is an

Answer 6

intraverbal

Question 7

harry asks sam to close the door, closing the door exemplifies:

Answer 7

manded stimulus selection

Question 8

a boy has not eaten for a few hours and walks into a room where cookies are on the table. he says “cookie.” his saying cookie was: (verbal operant)

Answer 8

multiply controlled, mand and tact

Question 9

in the echoic to mand stimulus transfer control procedures, the stimulus gradually faded to a motivational operation is a:

Answer 9

verbal stimulus

Question 10

What are the advantages of picture selection?

Answer 10

audience, fine motor control is not needed

Question 11

What best represents a speaker from a Skinnerian perspective?

Answer 11

one whose responses consist of speaking words, presenting pictures, typing words or using signs

Question 12

with signs, a learner will be able to….

Answer 12

say more things to fewer people

Question 13

carr and durand are noted for developing what procedure?

Answer 13

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

Question 14

one major flaw in the DRO procedure, especially in terms of communication training, is that…

Answer 14

it does not target any specific response for reinforcement

Question 15

_______teaches the client only a few limited, generic speaker responses.

Answer 15

Functional communication training (FCT)

Question 16

skinner’s analysis of verbal bx has led to teaching techniques which can ideally result in

Answer 16

speakers with broad verbal repertoires under varying degrees of stimulus control depending upon the operant and the situation

Question 17

“when a response form occurs reliably as one specific operant, gradually introduce the antecedent and consequent conditions of a new operant and fade the conditions of the original operant until this same response form occurs as the new operant.”

Answer 17

transferring stimulus control from one operant to another

Question 18

what verbal operant should be taught first?

Answer 18

mands

Question 19

What are advantages of interspersed skills/trials and mixed tasks?

Answer 19

• improves attentiveness
• reduces motivation to escape
• increases the probability of generalization

Question 20

in compliance training, if the learner does not comply, the BA should…

Answer 20

remain with the learner until they comply

Question 21

in the motor imitation to mand stimulus control transfer procedure, the demonstration stimulus is gradually faded and replaced by

Answer 21

motivational operations

Question 22

fluency has two basic outcomes…

Answer 22

retention and rapid acquisition of complex or composite skills

Question 23

two advantages of errorless teaching are…

Answer 23

minimizes errors and reduces the value of escape as a reinforcer.

Question 24

interspersed tasks and varied cues, when presented from the beginning of intensive instruction, almost certainly require the use of

Answer 24

errorless learning using most-to-least prompt fading

Question 25

if a child is non-compliant with a task, followed by a tantrum, and then followed by compliance with the original task, what should occur next?

Answer 25

no praise, no opportunity to mand, and another task

Question 26

after noncompliance has occurred, escape extinction takes the form of...

Answer 26

waiting with the learner until they comply

Question 27

verbal bx

Answer 27

Behavior that is socially-mediated and that has been trained by a verbal community.

Question 28

Forms of verbal behavior

Answer 28

- speaking - signing - pointing - writing - gesturing

Question 29

the speaker (verbalizer)

Answer 29

the individual emitting the verbal response

Question 30

the listener (mediator)

Answer 30

the individual the speaker interacts with

Question 31

the audience

Answer 31

listeners who belong to a trained verbal community

Question 32

Elementary verbal operants

Answer 32

• Mands • Tacts • Intraverbals • Duplics (echoic, copying a text, mimetic) • Codics (textual, taking dictation, finger spelling, etc. )

Question 33

Mand

Answer 33

A verbal response that is evoked by an establishing operation and is maintained by a specific reinforcer.

Question 34

T act

Answer 34

A verbal response that is evoked by a non-verbal stimulus and is maintained by socially-mediated reinforcement.

Question 35

Intraverbal

Answer 35

A verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus without point-to-point correspondence and with no formal similarity and that is maintained by socially- mediated reinforcement.

Question 36

Duplic

Answer 36

A verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus with point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity and that is maintained by socially-mediated reinforcement.

Question 37

Types of duplics

Answer 37

* Echoic (vocal imitation of a verbal response) * Copying a text * Mimetic (motor imitation of a verbal response)

Question 38

codic

Answer 38

A verbal response that is evoked by a verbal stimulus with point-to-point correspondence but without formal similarity and that is maintained by socially- mediated reinforcement.

Question 39

types of codics

Answer 39

* Textual (reading a text) * Taking dictation (transcriptive) * Fingerspelling words heard * Saying words seeing fingerspelled

Question 40

autoclitics

Answer 40

“A secondary verbal operant in which some aspect of a speaker’s own verbal behavior functions as an SD or an MO for additional speaker verbal behavior.”

Question 41

``` Receptive language (Manded stimulus selection) (Manded compliance ```

Answer 41

A response evoked by a mand to comply and maintained by socially-mediated reinforcement.

Question 42

Selection-based verbal behavior

Answer 42

Verbal behavior that is reinforced by a verbal community based on what is being selected or pointed to.

Question 43

Topography-based verbal behavior

Answer 43

Verbal behavior that is reinforced by a verbal community based on the topography (form or shape) of the verbal response.

Question 44

Unit of analysis in a functional account of language

Answer 44

The verbal operant

Question 45

Advantages of B. F. Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior

Answer 45

Results in learners with full repertoires of specific, speaker responses.

Question 46

Functional communication training (FCT) | Carr and Durand

Answer 46

“An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an established operation (EO); involves differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA).”

Question 47

Limitations with functional communication training

Answer 47

Can result in learners with a few limited, generic, speaker responses based on molar functions.

Question 48

Transferring stimulus control from one operant to another

Answer 48

“When a response form occurs reliably as one specific operant, gradually introduce the antecedent and consequent conditions of a new operant and fade the conditions of the original operant until this same response form occurs as the new operant.”

Question 49

stimulus control transfer procedures

Answer 49

* Echoic-to-mand * Motor imitation-to-mand * Full physical prompt-to-mand * Mand-to-tact * Echoic-to-tact * TFFC-to-intraverbal * RFFC ‘Bridge’-to-intraverbal

Question 50

Advantages of interspersed skills/trials and mixed tasks

Answer 50

* More closely resemble language as it naturally occurs * Reduce motivation to escape * Improve attentiveness

Question 51

Advantages of varied cues

Answer 51

• More closely resemble language as it naturally occurs. Results in generalized responding

Question 52

Advantages of sign language as a response form

Answer 52

* Simplicity * Portability * Availability * Rapidity * Continuity * Mediation * Linguistic * Academic * Conversational * Motivational

Question 53

Advantages of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) as a response form

Answer 53

- fine motor coordination | - audience

Question 54

advantages of fast-paced intensive instruction

Answer 54

* Prompts-out latency to achieve fluency * Improves attentiveness * Results in less frequent problem behavior

Question 55

Outcomes of fluency

Answer 55

• Improves retention • Fluent component skills result in the rapid acquisition of composite skills

Question 56

advantages of errorless teaching | multiple, rapid prompts and rapid prompt-fading

Answer 56

- minimizes errors | - reduces motivation to escape

Question 57

Fiona says "cat" when Shrek says "cat." This is an example of..

Answer 57

an echoic

Question 58

Fluency has two basic outcomes...

Answer 58

retention and rapid acquisition of complex or composite skills