unit 3

Question 1

trail of tears

Answer 1

united states government forcibly removed the southeastern Native Americans from their homelands and relocated them on lands in Indian Territory

Question 2

reservation system

Answer 2

made to put Native Americans under U.S. government control and in specific areas, minimize conflict between Indians and settlers and encourage Native Americans to take on the ways of the white man

Question 3

industrial revolution

Answer 3

shifted societies from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing economy where products were no longer made solely by hand but by machines.

Question 4

inventions

Answer 4

RAILROADS, steel usage, camera, bike, light, car.

Question 5

free enterprise

Answer 5

when people can own a business to make a profit, buy and sell goods, or work for wages with little gov interference.

Question 6

laissez faire

Answer 6

when the US gov would leave ppl and businesses alone.

Question 7

horizontal integration

Answer 7

simple takeover of smaller competing companies

Question 8

vertical integration

Answer 8

taking over all things having to do with your product. (ex. mining, manufacturing & distribution)

Question 9

transcontinental railroad

Answer 9

railway line that connected the eastern and western coasts of the United States

Question 10

working conditions in IR

Answer 10

horrible. long hours, little/no pay, unsanitary, unsafe, child labor.

Question 11

labor unions

Answer 11

large groups of workers, usually in a similar trade or profession, that join together to protect the workers’ rights

Question 12

immigration

Answer 12

moving/settling to a country/region that one is not native to. COMING IN.

Question 13

emigration

Answer 13

leaving your native country to live somewhere else. LEAVING.

Question 14

migration

Answer 14

moving from one place to another. MOVING.

Question 15

old immigrants

Answer 15

from germany, england, and ireland. (1800s-1880s) (>10 million people)

Question 16

new immigrants

Answer 16

from south + east europe (greece, polantd, russia, italy, czecoslovakia.) also from china + japan. (1890-1810). (~12 million people)

Question 17

why come to US?

Answer 17

econ opportunity, jobs, religious freedom, personal liberties, education.

Question 18

ellis island

Answer 18

east coast immigration system. had immigrants coming from europe. good treatment, health checks/screenings.

Question 19

angel island

Answer 19

west coast immigration system. had immigrants coming from asia. horrible conditions, rape, racism, molestation.

Question 20

nativism

Answer 20

political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of “native-born” or established inhabitants over those of immigrants

Question 21

assimilation

Answer 21

the process of becoming similar to others by taking in and using their customs and culture.

Question 22

melting pot

Answer 22

all cultures come together + mix making a new culture. doesnt allow for cultural individuality.

Question 23

cultural pluralism

Answer 23

all cultures keep their roots but connect by common beliefs; “cultural diversity.”

Question 24

chinese exclusion act (1882)

Answer 24

forbade chinese immigration for 10 years.

Question 25

gentlemen’s agreement (1907)

Answer 25

japan agreed to forbid emigration so US won’t restrict/cause racism against japanese.

Question 26

urbanization

Answer 26

population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas

Question 27

tenements

Answer 27

poor urban housing with multiple families sharing a common area and unsafe/unsanitary conditions.

Question 28

political machines

Answer 28

organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives (money, political jobs) and is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity.

Question 29

gilded age

Answer 29

a period where greedy, corrupt industrialists, bankers and politicians enjoyed extraordinary wealth and opulence at the expense of the working class. CORRUPTION COVERED IN GOLD.

Question 30

social darwinism

Answer 30

survival of the fittest. if you run a better business, you are a better person.

Question 31

settlement houses

Answer 31

organizations/houses that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants.

Question 32

civil services vs. spoils system

Answer 32

civil services: body of government officials who are employed in civil occupations that are neither political nor judicial

spoils system: practice in which the political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters by appointment to government posts and with other favours.

Question 33

populism

Answer 33

a political movement that tried to help out the nation’s struggling farmers.

Question 34

inflation

Answer 34

overall general upward price movement of goods and services in an economy.

Question 35

deflation

Answer 35

a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

Question 36

Farmer’s condition in the late 1800s

Answer 36

economic hardships from declining prices, high tariffs, high interest, mechanization. environmental struggles such as drought, plagues.

Question 37

progressivism

Answer 37

use the gov. to fix the problems made by IR.

Question 38

17th amendment

Answer 38

granted citizens the power to directly elect their senators.

Question 39

muckrakers

Answer 39

journalists and novelists of the Progressive Era who sought to expose corruption in big business and government.