unit 2 Flashcards
manifest destiny
idea that americans have a god given right to expand westward & spread their ideas & progress.
54 40 or fight
idea that the US ought to claim all territory up to 54 degrees and 40 minutes north, or fight GB for the land
war of 1812
GB didnt want US to get canada. US wanted to end GB impressment & trade blockade, and to keep their indep.
mr. manifest destiny
james k. polk
temperance
women wanted a ban on alcohol in US.
18th amendment
prohibited making, transporting, and sale of liquor in US.
womens suffrage
women fighting for right to vote.
secret life of a developing country
wrote about conditions and ppl in developing US
education
people fought for basic education
abolition
ppl fought for the abolition of slavery.
sectional differences north vs. south
north: industrial, urbanized, more education, econ based on trade/manufacturing. escaping religious prosecution. slavery almost abolished.
south: rural, agricultural society, relied on slavery & cash crops. personal wealth.
states rights
state power vs national power (especially on enslavement)
nullification crisis
ability to cancel out a law. anti feds wanted states to be able to cancel out fed laws.
missouri compromise
agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state and Maine enter as a free state.
fugitive slave act (1850)
act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state
civil war
battle of north vs. south to end slavery.
attack on fort sumter
marked the beginning of the CW.
battle of gettysburg
bloodiest battle of CW.
antietem
deadliest one day battle of CW. north won, led to the emancipation proclamation
battle of appomattox
final battle before that led to south surrendering to north.
total war
war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued
confederates
led by robert e. lee. attempted to secede from US. led to CW, and relied on slavery & agricultural econ.
union
led by abraham lincoln. stayed with US. outlawed slavery.
border states
used mild slavery. used for natural resources and agricult. acted as a buffer between N & S. owned slaves but didnt leave US.
emancipation proclamation
freed all enslaved people
reconstruction
period following CW where US was being rebuilt.
popular sovereignty
government can only exercise authority if it has been given permission to do so by the people.
kansas nebraska act
bill that mandated popular sovereignty allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed whithin a new states border.
conditions of US slavery
horrible.
what was cotton gin and how did it impact slavery?
a machine that separated the cotton from the seeds/plants. enslavers greatly increased demand for both land and enslaved labor.
how many ppl were enslaved?
~3 million
what were some justifications for slavery?
paternalism, religion, & pro-slavery arguments.
paternalism
white people acting “fatherly” towards enslaved people.
transatlantic slave trade
African people were kidnapped, forced onto European and American ships, and trafficked across the Atlantic Ocean to be enslaved, abused, and forever separated from their homes, families, and cultures.
significance of the 1860 election
lincoln was elected. kickstarted attempted southern secession and eventually the CW.
a house divided cannot stand
meaning a divided US cannot function.
secession
voluntary withdrawal from the union of the US.
black codes
restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.
13th amendment
abolished slavery
14th amendment
ensured citizenship + due process for african americans.
15th amendment
granted african american men the right to vote.
freedman’s bureau
institution that helped previously enslaved ppl transition back into society.
compromise of 1877
hayes gets elected w/ help from southern states. hayes takes away military protection of african americans in south, leaving them abandoned.
jim crow
everything is segregated, public executions,
plessy vs. ferguson
legalized segregation across the nation.
