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PE > unit 3 > Flashcards

unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are movement skills

A

activities or tasks that require voluntary head and body movement to achieve a goal (movement with purpose)

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2
Q

fundamental movement skills

A

the basics of sports- specific movement skills
e.g throw, jump

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3
Q

what are the 3 ways to classify a skill/ type of movement

A
  • discreate motor skills
  • serial motor skills
  • continuous motor skills
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4
Q

what are and explain the types of movement

A

-discreate motor skill; obvious beginning and end (e.g throwing a ball)
-serial combo of discreate skills in a single sequence
(running, weight lifting)
-continuous- have no definite beginning or end point (running)

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5
Q

movement precision

A

fine - skills that involve the recruitment of smaller muscle groups (bouncing a ball)
gross- skills that involve recruitment of larger muscle groups( running)

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6
Q

predictability of the environment

A

closed motor skill
open motor skill; less predictable environment

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7
Q

stages of learning

A

cognitive
associative
autonomous

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8
Q

characteristics of cognitive learning

A

(beginner)
- learner makes many errors
-asks alot of questions
- performance is inconsistent and rigid
- learns by trial and error

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9
Q

characteristics of assosiative learning

A
  • novice
    -begin to refine technique
  • more consistent fewer errors
  • (coach tip)help dev self correcting ability
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10
Q

characteristics of autonomous learning

A

expert
- skill is largely automatic
-no longer thinking how to do the skill
-coach tip precise feedback

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11
Q

what are the types of practice

A

part vs whole practice
practice distribution- mass vs distributed
practice variability

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12
Q

how to choose part vs whole practice

A

task complexity- simple tasks should be kept whole (throw dart)
- the more complex can be broken up (tennis serve)

task org- skills that require a rhythm are harder to break into segments and need to be practiced whole eg cartwheel

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13
Q

benefit of part vs whole practice

A
  • understand each component/lower cognitive load
  • build confidence- so doing whole skill is less intimidating
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14
Q

massed vs distributed practice

A
  • refers to frequency and length of training session/activity

-mass
- less frequent
-last longer
-little rest between tasks or attempts

-distributed
-more frequent training session
-training lasts for a shorter period of time
- more time between attempts

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15
Q

massed and distributed benefits

A

mass-
-easier to schedule
-less commitment over course of week
-parents get there

distributed
-higher level of learning achieved

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16
Q

massed and distributed negatives

A

m - athletes don’t retain the skill as fast and need longer to improve performance

d- more time consuming (days) and organization

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17
Q

What are types of practice variability

A

blocked and random practice

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18
Q

what is random practice

A
  • varying of different movement skills throughout training session
  • used with more experienced athletes (autonomous and associative)
    -increases retention compared to block (repeat it successfully at diff occasions)
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19
Q

what is blocked practice

A
  • practice same skill continuously without changing to different task
  • used more with cognitive learners
    -enviro needs to be predictable to replicate the skill consistently
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20
Q

what are styles of coaching instructions

A
  • direct and constraints based coaching
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21
Q

difference between direct and constraints based coaching

A

Direct coaching everybody learns the same (coach makes all the decisions)

Constrains-based coaching everybody learns slightly different ( coach develops boundaries)

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22
Q

benefits and limitations of direct coaching

A

Benefits
-Don’t have to be as knowledgeable of the sport
-Less time consuming
-There are often multiple people, easier to teach everyone the same thing ( the average )
Limitation
-Doesn’t account for differences in people (tailored to people)
-Don’t learn to solve movement themselves/ self correct

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23
Q

characteristic of constraint based coaching

A
  • boundary is set and athlete has to problem solve
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24
Q

in order to have a constraint based approach they need to have:

A
  1. A solid knowledge of specific sports
  2. Experience with developing a range of games and manipulating different constraints
  3. Understanding of the individual players strength and weaknesses.
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25
Q

what are the types of constraints (constraint based coaching)

A

individual- body size, confidence, fitness, decision making skills

enviro- (physical)- noise, access, terrain (social/cultural)- peer group, cul norms

Task- rules of sport, field dimensions, team size, stage of game (beg or end)

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26
Q

what is the importance of feedback

A
  • fix errors, motivation from identifying progress, reinforcement through pos feedback
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27
Q

what are the types of feedback

A

intrinsic (internal)
augmented (external)

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28
Q

what is intrinsic feedback

A
  • performer uses their own sense to asses performance ( visual, auditory, touch, proprioception(feel inside body eg joint)
29
Q

Augmented feedback

A
  • feedback received outside of body (success or fail)
  • knowledge of results
  • knowledge of performance ( WHY were you successful or not)
30
Q

what is the difference between direct coaching and constraints based coaching

A

d- coach makes all the decisions and performer completes task set by coach

c- coach develops boundaries to shape skill execution

31
Q

what are the qualitative movement analysis principles

A

-preparation- what is being assessed
-observation
-evaluation- identify what is being done right and wrong
-error connection

32
Q

what is force

A

push or pull acting on an object eg gravity, air res, lift

Mass x Accel

33
Q

momentum

A

a measure of the amount of motion an object has and it’s resistance to changing that momentum
mass x velocity

34
Q

impulse

A

change in momentum of an object
a force must be applied over a period of time to change momentum
force x time

  • landing gymnast has a mat and bent knees to reduce force
35
Q

what is the equation for force and what it means

A

m x a
- the heavier or faster an object moves the more force it has
- force either changes shape of an object or moves it

36
Q

what are the types of force in sport

A
  • friction
  • gravitational force
  • air and water resistance
  • weight
37
Q

friction

A
  • occurs when two surfaces come in contact with each other
    high friction benefit- running
    low- swimming
38
Q

what is air resistance/ water

A
  • when an object/body moves through air it experiences a drag force
  • as you run body has to break through air particles in front of you, slow you down as you move through them

drag force- opposes direction of motion
-drag affected by cross sectional area of body (size), speed of object and air density (thick, high altitude)

39
Q

gravitational force

A
  • pulls objects towards earths surface
  • force of attraction between to bodies or objects
40
Q

weight vs mass

A

w- mass x gravity measured in Newtons
m- measured in kg

41
Q

inertia

A
  • tendency of an object to resist change in it’s state of motion
  • object will remain at rest or moving until another force acts upon it
  • greater an objects mass the greater its inertia- more force needed to overcome it
42
Q

momentum

A
  • amount of motion possessed by a moving object
    -kg . m/s
  • mass x velocity
  • if two objects have same mass but diff velocity faster velocity has most momentum and visa versa
43
Q

summation of momentum

A
  • maximum velocity is created when momentum is generated in a summed/added manner from larger body parts close to the centre of gravity to those further away
  • requires use of multiple joints and work together to create max velocity which is transferred to object
44
Q

conservation of momentum

A

momentum is conserved- doesn’t change
- decrease radius to increase velocity

45
Q

angular momentum

A

motion around an axis
- moment of inertia x velocity

46
Q

moment of inertia

A

mass x radius squared
- the object x distance of the body’s center of gravity from the axis of rotation squared

47
Q

impulse

A
  • change in momentum of an object
    impulse= force x time
    -a change in momentum can either be high amount of force in a short time e.g hitting baseball pitch
  • low amount of force over longer period of time e.g catching egg- decrease momentum
  • csnude concept to propel or slow object
48
Q

Newtons law of Motion (angular)

A
  • the angular (rotational) momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external tourque
49
Q

newtons second law

A
  • law of acceleration
  • a force applied to an object will produce a change in motion (acceleration) in the direction of applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force and inversely proportional to the mass of an object
    f=ma
    proportional- more force = faster
    -inversely proportional= object weighs less it will accelerate faster
50
Q

torque

A

rotational force, applied to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied tourque

51
Q

newtons third law

A

-law of action reaction
- for every action equal and opposite reaction
- some objects have large mass (earth) therefore the force produced isn’t enough to overcome inertia

52
Q

distance vs displacement

A

-dis- no direction, measures path start to finish
place- direction, how far an object is from its starting position

53
Q

speed vs velocity

A

-s- distance over time taken (sxt)
v- displacement over time taken

54
Q

angular speed and velocity

A
55
Q

acceleration

A

change in velocity

56
Q

projectile motion

A

object or body launched into air , only affected by gravity and air res

57
Q

levers

A
58
Q

speed and height of release

A
59
Q

equilibrium

A

when all forces and torques are balanced

60
Q

stability

A
  • resistance to the disruption of equilibruim
  • when stability is increased its harder to disrupt equilibrium and therefore balance
61
Q

balance

A
  • ability to control equilibrium
62
Q

sport example of low stability

A

l- soccer goalie, unstable pos to enhance performance as goalie can accelerate faster to block the ball from going into the goal
-diver

63
Q

high stability sport example

A
  • netball, increase to decrease stepping
64
Q

base of support and center and line of gravity

A
65
Q

think MOI

A
  • rotational inertia, resistance to rotating
    mass x radius2
66
Q

why is it better for a smaller bat

A

lower moi- less resistant to change so you can move it more = higher velocity

67
Q

why is it better for a larger bat

A
  • decreased mech adv, increase range of motion, increase velocity
68
Q

types of constraints +examples

A

individual- body size
-fitness
-confidence
Enviro- physical- noise lighting
-social-peer, cultural norms
ask- rules of sport
-field pitch dimensions

69
Q
A

PE (6 decks)

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