U3 AOS2

Question 1

what are the fuels and what system are they used by

Answer 1

-fat- aerobic energy system
- cp- ATP-CP system
carbohydrate-

Question 2

cross over concept

Answer 2

• when resting preferred fuel is fats
  -when we increase int, more carbs r used
• when enrgy supplied by fats and carbs is equal= cross over point

Question 3

cp fuel

Answer 3

• limited quantities
• energy from breakdown of phosphocreatine

Question 3

fats

Answer 3

-take longer to break down
- higher oxygen cost
- preferred fuel source at rest

Question 4

cabs

Question 5

why don’t we use fats all the time

Answer 5

• transport of free fatty acids to the muscle is slow
• breakdown of free fatty acids requires greater oxygen than glucose

when intensity increases we need more energy faster and the time we have to produce energy decreases

Question 6

fat oxidization and glycogen sparing

Question 7

anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 7

-produces energy by partially breaking down glucose anaerobically
glycogen breaks to glucose into pyruvic acid, insufficient oxygen its turned into lactic acid not as fast as ATP cp but still fast high intensity exercise (100 VO2 max or > 85% max hr)
- carbs used, if glucose is depleted this system can no longer produce energy
- fast rate
- fatigues after aprox 75 due to metabollic by products (hydrogen ions)- active recovery required to remove by products

Question 8

what’s interplay

Answer 8

all 3 energy systems work together to supply energy and resynthesis atp

Question 9

aerobic energy system

Answer 9

-oxygen required
- activities below 90% VO2 max and below 80% HR
- carbs is mainly used to fuel this system, however fats are used at a lower intensity
- if glucose and fats r depleted the system cant produce energy
- process is slow and produces heat( decrease temp, too much = fatigue, heat is transferred to skin through redistribution of blood flow), water ( mito makes as a part of krebs and etc) and co2 (oxygen to resynthesis atp) as by product
- heavily relied on for endurance sports

Question 10

intermittent vs continuous

Question 11

acute vs chronic

Answer 11

a- short term, going for a run
c- long term, training not exercise

Question 12

muscular acute responses

Answer 12

• i recruitment of motor units
  -i body temp
• d intermuscular substrate levels
• i metabolic by products
• i blood flow to working muscles
• i oxygen uptake and consumption (aVO2 diff)

Question 13

increased recruitment of motor units

Answer 13

• as intensity i amount of force dev in a working muscle i
• your brain either
• i the number of motor units activated
• i the frequency of messages sent to activate motor units
  (small motor before large motor units)
  ( greater fiber recruitment= greater muscle force)

Question 14

increased respiratory rate

Answer 14

number of breaths taken in a min

Question 15

increased ventilation

Answer 15

volume of air breathed in per min
- rr X i tv = iv

Question 16

increased tidal volume

Answer 16

how much air is inspired and expired in 1 breath

Question 17

increased pulmonary diffusion

Answer 17

the transfer of oxygen from the alveoli (lungs ) to the capillaries (blood)

Question 18

fatigue

Answer 18

exercise induced reduction in the ability of a muscle to produce force and power
- slow down less explosive

Question 19

factors that affect rate of fatigue

Answer 19

• type of activity (continuous, intermittent )
• muscle fiber type
• type of contraction- eccentric, concentric isometric
  -intensity- sub, max, high int
• duration
  -level of fitness

Question 20

sites of fatigue

Answer 20

cns

Question 21

FATN

Question 22

atp-cp fuel dep

Answer 22

• if cp is depleted then an athlete is forced to use glucose to maintain high int
• glucose is slower and doesn’t provide energy as fast, muscle doesn’t produce as much force or power

Question 23

LIP

Answer 23

lactic acid is continuously produced and removed
lip- ability to balance removal and production of lactic acid
on a graph its the final point where balance is withheld, it represents the max intensity athletes can still be working at aerobically without any build up of lactic acid
large build up = fatigue occurs at a faster rate

Question 24

accumulation of metabolic by- products

Answer 24

• increase in ADP level, reduce force by slowing relaxation of muscle
• caused by blocking calcium to leave muscle
• an increase in pi reduces muscular force by stopping calcium being released into muscle cell
• stopping contraction as it doesn’t allow bridges to attach to actin microfilament

Question 25

decrease in energy substrate

Question 26

increased metabolic by products

Answer 26

• lactate production increases as exercise int increases
  -before lip body is either oxidising it for energy production or converting to glucose/glycogen
• once intensity i and passes lip body is unable to clear the lactate as quickly as its being produced

Question 27

increased body temp (acute response)

Answer 27

• heat is a by product of breaking down atp to adp
• greater enrgy=greater heat
• body stimulates sweat glands to produce sweat (cool body) as well as i blood flow to skin

Question 28

increased blood flow

Question 29

respiratory acute responses

Answer 29

• i respiratory rate
  -i tidal volume
  -i ventilation
  -i diffusion

Question 30

increased rr,tv and ve

Question 31

increase in diffusion (respiratory)

Answer 31

• gas exchange in the lungs at the alveolar capillary interface and in the muscle
• diffusion of gases always happens in areas of high pressure
• i diffusion allows greater amounts of o2 and co2 to be exchanged during exercise
• o2 concentration is high (high pressure) in the alveoli therefore oxygen diffuses into blood stream
• co2 conc is high in blood (from muscle) and diffused into the alveoli

Question 32

v02

Answer 32

• oxygen uptake- oxygen that can be upatken and used

Question 33

vo2 max, absolute and relative

Answer 33

• max amount of oxygen that can be taken up, transported and utalised per min
  ab- actual volume of o2 being consumed by the muscles per min (l/min)

r- takes into account body weight or composition (ml/kg/min)

Question 34

relationship between o2 consumption and exercise intensity

Answer 34

oxygen has a linear relationship with intensity. as int increases so does o2 consumption/demand