Unit 3 Flashcards
State the effect of removing an organism from a food web
Answers can range from:
Prey decrease
Insects increase
Prey decrease
What is a niche?
A role that a organism plays in its community
List some resources that organisms fight for?
Food
Mates
Space (territory/ habitat)
Water
Difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
Intraspecific is competition between the same specie for same resources.
Interspecific is competition between different species for resources.
Species?
Group or organism that can interbreed to make fertile offsping
(Make kids no trouble)
Biodiversity?
The different organisms living in a area
Population?
All the same species in one area
Ecosystem?
Living and non living things in one area
Habitat
Where organism lives
Producer?
Plant at the start of a food chain
Consumer
Animal that eats another animal or plant
Herbivore
Only eat plants
Carnivore
Only eat meat
Omnivore
Eats both animals and plants
Predator
Organism that hunts another organism for food
Prey
Gets hunted by another animal gets eaten
Community
All organisms in an ecosystem
Niche
Role a organism has in its community
Intraspecific competition?
Same species fight
Interspecific competition?
Different species fight
Name some living components?
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Insects
Name some non living components?
Light
Water
Soil
Rocks
What do plants fight for?
Light
Water
Space (to grow)
What do animals fight for?
Food
Water
Shelter
Mates
What are food chains?
They show the linear flow of engery between organisms
(Always goes in one direction)
What is a food web?
Shows the engery flow between organisms like a food chain.
(Looks more like a map)
Things that have to be in a niche?
-Food needed by the thing
-Interactions with others
-Competition between others
-How it helps in the community
-Environments it can tolerate
An ecosystem consists of abiotic factors plus..
A community and it’s habitat
A rabbit feeds on grass. It’s eaten by foxes. And it’s a habitat for fleas.
What is this an example of?
Niche
State the difference between biotic and abiotic factora
Abiotic is not living
Biotic is living
Name 4 biotic factors
Predators
Food
Disease
Competition
Name 4 abiotic factors
Light intensity
PH
Moisture
Temperature
How to measure abiotic factors?
PH meter
Moisture meter
Light intensity meter
Thermometer
Errors with moisture meter and PH meter?
Probe not being cleaned or not pushed far enough
Light intensity meter errors?
Place being shaded
How to use quadrants?
Throwing them in a random location
Limitations of quadrants?
People thinking one plant is not in our out
Errors with quadrants?
Not being thrown randomly
What are pitfall traps?
They are used to sample small bugs living in the ground.
Errors with pitfall traps?
Not being covered enough.
The container being white insects may avoid it.
Leaving it for too long that animals eat each other
Limitations of pitfall traps
Top of trap is not leveled with the soil stopping animals falling into it.
Describe what is happening to the human population and food demand
It’s increasing
Say 2 ways food yeilds can be increased
-Gm crops
-Fertilisers
Why are nitrates needed by plants?
So they can make amino acids that help plants make their plant protein
How do fertilizers help plants?
Help them make amino acids that help them make proteins
Explain how leaching of fertilizers into fresh water can cause agal blooms and fish deaths.
- Fertilizer leaches into fresh water
- Algal bloom happens and algal population goes up
- The algal population reduces light in the water killing the other plants.
- Dead plants become food for bacteria they increase in numbers.
- The bacteria use up a lot of the oxygen making the oxygen availability very small for other organisms like fish.
Alternative to fertilizer?
Gm crops (genetically modified crops)
They have new genes inside their DNA to give them inproved characteristics.
Advantages include bigger yeilds and better resistance to pests.
Explain how pesticides help improve food production?
They kill things like insects and other things that would be a threat to the yeild
How do pesticides sprayed onto crops result in lethal levels of toxicity at the top of the food chain?
Plants would absorb the pesticides.
Small animals would eat the plants. Getting a few of the pesticides.
Bigger animals eat lots of the smaller animals.
This is called bioaccumlation
How can biological control and GM crops be used as an alternative to pesticides?
Genetically modified crops
➡︎ they can improve characteristics of the plants. Like resistance to disease and pest resistance.
Biological pest control
➡︎using the natural predators of the pest would be less toxic than using pesticides.
Food yeilds?
The amount of food grown from crops
Fertilizer?
Mix of chemicals to help increase crop yeild
Nitrates?
Important chemical for amino acids and protein making
Pesticides?
Chemicals that kill animals or weeds anything that harms crops
Amino acids?
The building blocks of proteins
Leaching?
When fertilizer gets washed into water
Agal bloom?
When the algal population goes up by a lot due to fertilizer
GM crops?
(genetically modified crops)
Living thing that had new genes added to its DNA artificially.
Toxicity?
A measure of the harmfulness of a chemical to a living thing
Biological pest control
Using natural living things to help control pests
Using natural predators to eat/kill pests naturally
How can we make more food from the same area of land?
-fertilizer
-GM crops
-pesticides
-biological pest control
How to increase food yeilds?
(The farming part)
-using fertilizer
-using Gm crops
How to prevent pests damaging crops?
-using pesticides
-gm crops
-biological pest control
Fertilizer
Does it increase crops yeild?
Does it prevent damage to crops?
Advantage?
Disadvantage?
Yes it increase crop yeilds
No it doesn’t prevent damage
Advantage: increase crop yeild
Disadvantage: can leach into fresh water
Pesticides
Does it increase crops yeild?
Does it prevent damage to crops?
Advantage?
Disadvantage?
No
Yes
Advantage: Prevents crop damage
Disadvantage: bioaccumlation in food chains
Gm crops?
Does it increase crops yeild?
Does it prevent damage to crops?
Advantage?
Disadvantage?
Yes
No
Advantage: can increase yeild and protect crops from pests
Disadvantage: expensive
Biological pest control
Does it increase crops yeild?
Does it prevent damage to crops?
Advantage?
Disadvantage?
No
Yes
Advantage: no chemicals required
Disadvantage: difficult to handle
How do fertilizer help plants grow?
- It’s added to soil to increase nitrate of the soil.
- Nitrate is dissolved in water and ate absorbed into plants
- Nitrate makes amino acids. Nitrates and amino acids mix to make proteins
Problems with pesticides?
-Bioaccumlation
2 ways that gm crops can help improve the worlds food supply?
-make yeild larger
-make them resistant to pests
State the term that describes the use of predators as an alternative to pesticides?
Biological pest control
Use these statements and place them in order.
J) pesticides are absorbed by plants
K) pesticides build up in animals
L) plants are eaten by animals
J, L, K
