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Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart shaped pelvis

A

Men

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2
Q

Upper limb growth fourth week location

A

Form from C5 to T1.

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3
Q

Lower limb growth at 7 weeks

A

Form from L2 to s2. Flexures develop, big toe points upward

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4
Q

Three layers of the pelvic floor

A
  1. Urogenital triangle.
  2. Deep, urogenital muscles.
  3. Levator ani and coccygeus.
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5
Q

True and false pelvis

A

False pelvis: wings of iliac crest
True pelvis: pelvic symphysis

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6
Q

Most mobile joint of the pelvis

A

Sacrococcygeal joint, 25° of movement

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7
Q

Pelvic inlet and outlet

A

Inlet: S1
Outlet: coccyx

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8
Q

Urogenital triangle of the pelvic floor

A
  1. Bulbospongiosus (ballet)
  2. Ischiocavernosus. (Triangle.)
  3. Superficial transversed, peroneal muscle (side to side).
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9
Q

Deep, urogenital muscles

A
  1. External urethral sphincter.
  2. Deep transverse peroneal.
  3. Compressor urethrae
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10
Q

Levator ani and coccygeus

A
  1. Levator Ani: puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus
  2. Coccygeus.
  3. obturator internis
  4. Piriformis.
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11
Q

Women Urethras

A
  • Decrease in elasticity with low estrogen
    -Shorter: can cause stress incontinence
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12
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

-Under inguinal ligament
-External oblique

Contents:
-Spermatic cord/Round ligament
-Blood and lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

Internal Iliac Artery

A

-PF

Anterior Trunk:
-Obturator A, inferior Gluteal A, Internal pudendal A

Posterior Trunk:
-Superior Gluteal A

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14
Q

Outlet Constipation

A

Can get out (puborectalis)

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15
Q

Slow Transit

A

Moves slowly

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16
Q

Diastasis Recti

A

Splitting of Rectus abdominus from thining Linea Alba

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17
Q

Endometriosis

A

Endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus

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18
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

L2-L4
-Quads, sartorious

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19
Q

Superior Gluteal Nerve

A

L4-S1
-GLut min and med, TFL

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20
Q

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

A

L5-S2
-Glut max

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21
Q

Tibial Nerve

A

L4-S3
-Back of calf
-Some hamstrings

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22
Q

Common Fibular Nerve

A

L4-S2
-Front of calf and foot

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23
Q

External Iliac A. becomes Femoral A.

A

Inguinal Ligament

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24
Q

Femoral neck Fracture

A

-Osteoporotic neck of femur breaks or high impact or a fall
-Leg positioned externally rotated and shorter

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25
Greater Sciatic Foramen
Passageway for structures leaving/entering pelvis -Sciatic N
26
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
Passageway for structures leaving/entering perineum -Pudendal N.
27
Posterior Sacroiliac ligaments
Inferior of sacrum Stabilizes SI joint
28
Femoral Triangle
Lateral Border: Sartorius Medial border: Adductor Longus Superior Border: Inguinal ligament Floor: Pectinous and Iliopsoas Contents: Femoral V, A, N
29
Adductor Hiatus
-Femoral VAN and Saphenous nerve travel in a sheath -Only Femoral VA exit at Adductor Hiatus
30
Obturator Nerve
L2-L4 -adductors
31
Compartment Syndrome
-leg muscles are injured and compartments contain swelling and compress nerves/arteries/inflammation
32
Fovea
Artery to head of femur that provides blood supply internally
33
Femoral Angles
Angle of inclination: 128 degrees Torsion Angle: 12 degrees -determines boleggedness and knock kneedness
34
Patella
-Rests on distal femur with articular cartilage -Sesamoid bone -Provides mechanical advantage to quads
35
Hip ER Myotomes
S1
36
Hip IR Myotomes
L5
37
Hip Abduction Myotomes
L5
38
Hip Adduction Myotomes
L3
39
Hip Flexion Myotomes
L2
40
Hip Extension Myotomes
S2
41
Knee Flexion Myotomes
S2
42
Knee Extension Myotomes
L3
43
Dorsiflexion Myotomes
L4
44
Plantarflexion
S1
45
Eversion
S1
46
Inversion
L4
47
Toe Extension
L5
48
Toe Flexion
S2
49
Iliofemoral Ligament
-Y shaped -strongest -resists hip extension -ilium to femur -anterior
50
Ischiofemoral Ligament
-Posterior -resists hip flexion -Hip dislocator
51
Pubofemoral Ligament
-Anterior -Resists hip abduction
52
Avascular Necrosis
-Dislocation causes lig on the fovea of head of femur and sever acetabular branch of Obturator artery -Leads to tissue death
53
Pes Anserine
-medial proximal tibia -Sartorius, Semitendinosus, Gracilis
54
IT Band
-Bi-articulate -TFL and Glut max
55
Popliteal Fossa
-Medial: semimembranosus -Lateral: Biceps Femoris -Floor: Gastrocnemius Contents: AVN -Popliteal Artery -Popliteal Vein -Tibial Nerve
56
Sciatic Nerve Travel Buddy
Posterior Cutaneous N of thigh
57
Genu Varum
-Bolegged -Small Q angle -Medial wear and tear -stretch LCL
58
Genu Valgum
-Knock kneed -Larger Q angle -lateral wear tear -Stretch MCL
59
Extracapsular Knee Ligaments
-Patellar lig -Fibular collateral lig -Oblique Popliteal lig -Tibial collateral lig -Arcuate Popliteal
60
Patellar Ligament
-Distal portion of quad tendon -apex of patella to tibial tuberosity
61
Fibular Collateral Lig (FCL or LCL)
Lateral epicondyle of femur to fibular head -resists genu varum
62
Oblique Popliteal Lig
Expansion of Semimembranosus tendon
63
Tibial Collateral Lig (TCL or MCL)y
-Medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia -Attached to medical meniscus -Resists genu valgum
64
Arcuate Popliteal Lig
-Fibular head to popliteus to posterior knee joint -Strengthens knee joint posterior laterally
65
Intrarticular Ligaments
-Cruciates -ACL -PCL
66
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
-ACL -Top back, low front -Posterior medial side of lateral condyle of femur to anterior intercondylar tibia -Lateral to PCL -Prevents anterior displacement of tibia
67
Bundles of ACL
Anteromedial and Posterolateral
68
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
-PCL -Top front, low back -Posterior lateral side of medial condyle of femur to posterior intercondylar tibia -medial to ACL -Prevents anterior displacement of femur, hyperflexion and posterior displacement of tiba
69
Menisci
-Shock absorption -fibrocartilage -blood supply on outer 1/3
70
Medial Meniscus
-c shaped -wider -less mobile -attaches to MCL/TCL
71
Lateral Meniscus
-o shaped -smaller -more mobile
72
Unhappy triad
MCL, ACL, and Medial meniscus tears
73
Hip dislocation
-posterior more often -anterior force -ischiofemoral ligament injured
74
Anterior Thigh Muscles
Pectineus and Sartorius
75
Superficial Gluteal Muscles
-Glutes Max, Min, Med -Tfl
76
Deep External rotators
-Piriformis -obturator internus -superior and inferior gemellis -quadrate femoris
77
Quad Muscles
-Rectus Femoris -Vastus medialis -Vastus lateralis -Vastus intermedius
78
Medial Thigh/ Adductors
-Gracilis -Adductor longus -Adductor brevis -adductor magnus -Obturator externus
79
Posterior thigh/Hanmstrings
-Biceps Femoris (short and long head) -Semitendinosus -Semimembranosus
80
Triceps Surae
-Gastrocnemius -Soleus -Plantaris
81
Deep Posterior Leg
-Popliteus -Tibialis Posterior -Flexor Digitorum Longus -Flexor Hallucis Longus
82
Lateral Lower Leg
Fibular Longus and Brevis
83
Anterior Lower Leg
-Tibial anterior -Extensor hallucis Longus -Extensor Digitorum Longus -Fiburlaris Tertius
84
Talar Beak
-Talus and calcaneal fusion form beak projection -Os Trigonum
85
Talocrual Joint
-Talus and lower leg -Narrow posterior surface -Wide anterior Surface
86
Subtalar Joint
-Under talus -Inversion and eversion -hindfoot
87
Intertarsal Joint
-Supination and pronate -Transverse tarsal joint
88
Talocalcaneonavicular Joint
-Head of talus and posterior navicular and anterior calcaneus -Spring Ligament -Short Plantar Ligament -Long Plantar Ligament
89
Metatarsophalangeal Joint
-MTP -Metatarsals and phalanges
90
Deltoid Lig
-medial rolled ankle ligaments -limit eversion
91
Lateral Ankle
-more commonly injured -resist inversion -3 ligs -Anterior Talofibular lig (most common) -calcaneofibular lig -Posterior talofibular lig
92
Tarsal Tunnel
-TDAVNH -medial ankle -under deltoid lig and flexor retinaculum
93
Ottawa Ankle and foot Fracture rules
Midfoot zone Rules: -Inability to bear weight -tenderness to base of 5th MT -Tenderness to navivular Malleolar zone rules: -inability to bear weight -tenderness to lateral malleolus -tenderness to medial malleolus
94
Bunion
-hallux valgus -great toe adduction to 2nd toe -lower medial longitudinal arch
95
Extensor retinaculum
-superior and inferior (y shaped) -hold tendons of dorsal foot down
96
Flexor Retinaculum
-medial -hold in tarsal tunnel
97
Fibular Retinaculum
-superior and inferior -prevent tendon subluxation
98
Jones Fracture
Fracture of 5th metatarsal between base and midshaft
99
Avulsion fracture
Fracture of 5th metatarsal at base, bone pulls off
100
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Dynamic support (under foot medially): -TP, TA, FHL, intrinsic plantars Pasive support (Ligaments): -plantar aponeurosis -spring lig, long plantar lig, short, plantar lig
101
Transverse Arch
-midfoot -TP and FL form stirrup that supports it
102
Flow of arterial supply
-Abdominal Aorta -Common iliac -External iliac-----------Internal iliac (to PF) -(@inguinal lig) Femoral A.--Deep Femoral (circumflex) -(@hiatus) Popliteal A. -(@soleal line) Pos. Tib A. ------ Fibular A. -Ant. Tib A. -Dorsalis Pedis
103
Piriformis Syndrome
-Sciatic is compressed or disturbed by piriformis -12.2%: common fibular through piriformis -or on top
104
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Entrapment
-Meralgia paresthetica -brittany spears -under inguinal lig
105
Sciatic Nerve Pathways
-travel buddy: posterior cutaneous -Tibial----------------------Common Fibular -med & lat plantar---- Superficial & deep
106
Femoral entrapment
-under iliopsoas -under inguinal lig -femoral triangle -adductor canal
107
Waddling gait
-trendelenburg sign -drop of pelvis of opposite side to weak glute med
108
Foot Drop
-Common fibular nerve injury (stretched or torn) -flaccid anterior and lateral compartments -loss of dorsiflexion -inability to clear foot when walking -Steppage gait: loud walking
109
Ski Boot Syndrome
-Deep fibular entrapment -excessive muscle use -EHB and extensor retinaculum -loss of sensation at web space
110
Superficial nerve entrapment
-chronic ankle sprains -stretching of nerve -pain and tingling of lateral leg
111
Pudendal Nerve entrapment
-Pudendal neuralgia (pain with sititng) - bwtn SS and ST ligs -under SS -pudendal canal -pubic bone
112
Sural Nerve Entrapment
-lateral gastroc achy area -check DF and inversion -bakers cyst -gastroc strain -jones fx
113
Tarsal Tunnel Entrapment
-tumor/cyst -over pronation Double Crush: 2x entrapment sites -toe weakness -flat foot
114
Baxter's Neuropathy
-Jogger's foot -medial plantar entrapment -under f. retinaculum and AbH -repetitive eversion
115
High Ankle Sprain
- at Tibiofibular syndesmosis -interosseous membrane -anterior talofibular lig -during ER and DF
116
Hammer Toe
tiny shoes -boutinneire of toes -pip flexed others extended
117
Claw toe
lateral plantar nerve -inability to straighten out -pip flexed others limp
118
Mallet Toe
Arthritis, trauma, metabolic syndromes, neuromuscular -dip flexed
119
Lisfranc Injury
-midfoot dislocation or fracture of metatarsals form distal bones -crush or stirrup

Anatomy (9 decks)

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