Unit 3 Flashcards
Civilization/Complex Society
a population that has an economy that is run by division of labor
City, State, Empire
a group of territories ruled by one single ruler or state
Power
authority/possession of control
Sumer/Sumerian
A person who lives in sumer
Mesopotamia
a region of southwest Asia in the Tigris and Euphrates river system that benefitted from the area’s climate
Writing/Cuneiform/Hieroglyphics
Cuneiform - Forms of writing used by Mesopotamia
Hieroglyphics - A character/symbol used in writing for important things in Egypt (ex. hieroglyphics on a tomb)
Polytheism
Believing in multiple gods
Theocracy
A government that priests rule in the name of a God
Ziggurat
A Mesopotamian shrine where God is worshipped
Epic of Gilgamesh
A tale of a great king in ancient Mesopotamia
Gilgamesh, the king of the city of Uruk, goes on a quest to find immortality after he and Enkidu, his companion, perform deeds that anger the gods, resulting in Enkidu’s death.
Egypt
a civilization in Northeast Africa situated in the Nile Valley
Pharaoh
A leader in Egypt
Narmer Palette
A ceremonial engraving to show upper and lower Egypt as one
Pyramid
A group of huge monuments in the Egyptian desert, built as burial vaults for the pharaohs
Akkad
the northern (or northwestern) division of ancient Babylonia
Sargon
first ruler of the Akkadian empire
Babylon
the capital city in the Babylonian empire
Hammurabi Code
a collection of 282 rules made by Hammurabi
Persian Empire
Founded By: Cyrus the Great
Known for: The first people to establish regular routes of communication between three continents
Zoroastrianism
A monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster
believes in Ahura Mazda
Cyrus the Great
Founded Perisa
Built the largest empire at the time
Satrap
a provincial governer in persia
Vedas
a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India
Hinduism
Hinduism Believes in the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect).
Karma
universal law of cause and effect
Dharma
the aspect of truth or reality
Caste
a division of society ranked by wealth
Buddhism
Buddhism follows karma, rebirth, and the state of not lasting forever
eightfold path
It gives Buddhists a path they can follow to end suffering.
Nirvana
the extinction of desire, hatred, and ignorance and, ultimately, of suffering and rebirth.
Maurya Empire
??
Ashoka
known for his pillars and rocks
Zhou Dynasty
made significant cultural contributions to agriculture, education, military organization,
Oracle Bones
parts of animal bone, used in divination ceremonies in ancient China.
Mandate of Heaven
established the idea that a ruler must be just to keep the approval of the gods
Warring States Period of China
This period is known for frequent warfare and annexations of various states in the lead up to a larger united China
