history Flashcards
What was the period following the Civil War when the U.S. government attempted to rebuild and reintegrate the Southern states called?
Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Reconstruction aimed to address the aftermath of the Civil War and the integration of formerly Confederate states.
What was Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan?
A plan allowing Southern states to rejoin the Union if 10% of their voters pledged loyalty
This plan was intended to encourage reconciliation and rapid reintegration.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
A group in Congress advocating for strict Reconstruction policies and full rights for African Americans
They sought to impose harsher measures on the Southern states during Reconstruction.
What were Black Codes?
Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freed African Americans
These laws aimed to maintain white supremacy and control over the Black population.
What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
An agency established to assist formerly enslaved people with education, housing, and employment
The bureau played a crucial role in helping African Americans transition to freedom.
What did the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) grant?
Citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and provided equal protection under the law
This amendment was a significant advancement for civil rights.
What did the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) prohibit?
States from denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
This amendment aimed to secure voting rights for African American men.
What were Jim Crow Laws?
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction
These laws institutionalized systemic racism and discrimination.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South in exchange for Rutherford B. Hayes becoming president
This compromise marked a significant shift in federal policy towards the South.
What is Lost Cause Mythology?
A Southern narrative that romanticized the Confederacy and downplayed the role of slavery in the Civil War
This ideology aimed to reshape the historical narrative around the Civil War.
What key event occurred in 1865?
Thirteenth Amendment ratified; Lincoln assassinated; start of Presidential Reconstruction
These events significantly impacted the trajectory of Reconstruction.
What happened in 1867?
Congress enacted the Reconstruction Acts, beginning Radical Reconstruction
This marked a shift towards more stringent measures for Southern states.
What significant amendment was ratified in 1868?
Fourteenth Amendment
This amendment was crucial for establishing citizenship rights.
What was ratified in 1870?
Fifteenth Amendment
This amendment aimed to protect voting rights for African American men.
What marked the end of Reconstruction in 1877?
Compromise of 1877
This compromise led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
What event led to Andrew Johnson’s presidency?
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (1865)
Johnson’s presidency marked a shift in Reconstruction policies.
What was the result of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson (1868)?
Johnson was nearly removed from office for opposing Radical Reconstruction
This event highlighted the conflict between the presidency and Congress during Reconstruction.
What did African Americans establish during Reconstruction that became central to the civil rights movement?
Black Schools & Churches
These institutions played a significant role in community building and advocacy.
What was the rise of the Ku Klux Klan (1860s-1870s)?
A white supremacist group formed to terrorize Black communities and undermine Reconstruction
The Klan used violence and intimidation to achieve its goals.
What Supreme Court decision allowed segregation under ‘separate but equal’?
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
This ruling solidified Jim Crow laws and legalized racial segregation.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
President during the Civil War; proposed the Ten Percent Plan
Lincoln’s leadership was pivotal during the Civil War and the Reconstruction era.
Who succeeded Lincoln and opposed Radical Reconstruction?
Andrew Johnson
Johnson’s policies were often in conflict with those of the Radical Republicans.
Which president supported federal protection of Black rights during much of Radical Reconstruction?
Ulysses S. Grant
Grant’s administration was marked by efforts to enforce civil rights.
Who was Thaddeus Stevens?
Radical Republican leader who pushed for African American rights
Stevens was a key figure in advocating for stringent Reconstruction measures.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
Historian who challenged the Dunning School’s negative portrayal of Reconstruction
Du Bois’s work contributed to a more nuanced understanding of this period.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Abolitionist leader who advocated for full rights for African Americans
Douglass was a prominent voice for civil rights and social justice.
