UNIT 3 Flashcards
unreliable witnesses
difficult to distinguish facts from dreams
behavioral reports
we do not recount, we estimate (beers/year)
suggestibility to eyewitness
depending on the verb used you are going to estimate a certain characteristic
(smash, crashed, hit)
cross-racial identification
difficulty to distinguish individuals from a different ethnic group
bounded rationality
we never make decisions on ideal conditions (Simon’s scissors, how well conditions adapt to the problem)
contrast effect
we have a standard and we make our judgment comparing to it
priming effect
ideas of before will have an impact on your answer to a question non-related
framing effect
the way the question is formulated will define the issue and focus the attention on a certain thing, which would condition your answer
rules of thumb
applicable rules based on practical experiences used to approach complex problems
confirmation bias
we look for information which confirms our theories
conjunctive probability
a conjunction of events can never be more probable than an event by itself
plausible or likely?
we do not think about what is more likely, we think about what it fits
heuristic representativeness
make judgements based on similarities, we think similar things are related
availability heuristic
overestimation of how frequent something is
-recency
-salience
-self-relevance
-familiarity
affect heuristic
inclination to make judgements of what we don’t know according
to what we know.
anchoring
when we judge and we take a reference point (how would I know? type of questions)
cognitive availability
the information you have around your head is the information you look for
an ecological design of memory
we tend to remember what is more recent or frequent and forget other things. Memory is used to help us in the future. We do not forget things randomly
diffusion
information intended for the largest possible audience. Shaping public opinion
propagation
information intended for within-group circulation. Shaping group attitudes
propaganda
information for those in the group against the ones who are not. Encouraging group action
social representations
explanations of unfamiliar and complex phenomena into familiar and simple form
levelling
rumour rapidly becomes shorter and less detailed
sharpening
certain features of the rumours are emphasized and exaggerated
assimilation
rumour distorted with prejudice and intrests
conspiracy theories
causal explanations that can explain a wide range of events rather than complex situational factors
societal attributions
explaining in terms of behavior rather than situation
culture’s contribution
attribution and social explanation affected by culture
