Unit 3 Flashcards
A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographical area
POPULATION
A change in DNA or a chromosome that results in a different form of a gene; the source of all new variation
MUTATION
Change over time or descent with modification
EVOLUTION
The movement of tectonic plates across the earth’s surface
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
What is the concept that two or more species descended from a single species that existed in the past?
COMMON ANCESTRY
A genetic disorder that results in deformed red blood cells?
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Which structures have little or no function, and were inherited from an ancestral species that had a larger functional form of the structure
VESTIGIAL
This means that not all the individuals in a population have the same number of offspring or the same chances of survival
DIFFERENTIAL FITNESS
High ______ indicates that an individual has had high reproductive success and has many offspring in the next generation
FITNESS
Which trait can be passed from parent to offspring.
HERITABLE
A similarity in anatomy, proteins, or DNA that results from common ancestry
HOMOLOGOUS
What occurs when more than one individual is attempting to access the same resource, such as food
COMPETITION
An evolutionary change to better suit environmental conditions
ADAPTATION
The scientific system for categorizing all life on earth
LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION
A parasite that is transmitted via mosquitoes
MALARIA
The scientific designation using of two names, genus and species, is called what?
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
The order ______ includes mammals that have fingernails and large brains.
PRIMATES
What determines which traits are adaptive
ENVIRONMENT
The process _______ (two words), in which individuals with traits best suited for a given environment have the most offspring, is a major force of evolutionary change
NATURAL SELECTION
A representation of the evolutionary relationships between species
EVOLUTIONARY TREE
The study of the distribution of species around the world
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Preserved remains of an organism that are found in sedimentary layers of the earth
FOSSIL
The class of vertebrates that have glands that produce milk
MAMMALS
Which of the following requires the most ATP to move the molecule across a plasma membrane?
an ion moving against a concentration gradient
All chemical reactions in the human body that include build up or breakdown of macromolecules are termed ____________.
metabolic reactions.
The proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are called
enzymes.
How does ATP provide energy to a cell?
It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process.
What is the source of chemical energy used to power a muscle cell in your arm?
What are the steps of cellular respiration (specifically aerobic respiration, i.e. oxygen is present) in order.
1.Glycosis in the mitochondria 2.) Citric acid (Krebs) cycle in the mitochondria 3.) Electron transport chain in the mitochondria
What can happen to the carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration?
It’s converted to glucose by plants.
The waste product of fermentation is ____ in animals. It causes muscles to “burn” if they are not receiving sufficient oxygen to perform aerobic respiration.
lactic acid
In which organelle is the majority of ATP molecules synthesized?
mitochondria
Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem?
Energy flows from the sun to producers and then to consumers.
Omnivores differ from carnivores in that omnivores derive their energy from
plants and animals.
Learn the trophic pyramid
Autotrophs obtain energy from sunlight and store it in their biomass through the process of _____.
photosynthesis
The total amount of stored energy within a given ecosystem is referred to as the
net primary production
When a change in one level of the ecosystem has significant impacts on the other levels and components of the ecosystem, this effect is called a
trophic cascade
is a sugar molecule, and the energy stored in this molecule can be used to synthesize ATP.
Glucose
The _______ (two words) is an exchange between the atmosphere and organisms, starting when photosynthesis takes a crucial compound from the atomsphere to form a simple sugar.
CARBON CYCLE
A ______ (two words) consumes primary consumers.
SECONDARY CONSUMER
When molecules move through a membrane without using energy, this process is called ___ (two words, no spaces).
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
The process by which producers use the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars for energy storage
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
An animal that consumes other animals
CARNIVORE
A change at one trophic level, such as a population increase, that affects organisms at other trophic levels is called a ______ (two words).
TROPHIC CASCADE
The difference between the density of molecules on one side of a membrane versus the other side is the ___(two words, no space).
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
An animal that consumes producers
PRIMARY CONSUMER
An animal that consumers both plants and other animals
OMNIVORE
The functional role of an organism in its environment - for instance, when it is active and what it eats.
NICHE
Organisms that perform photosynthesis
PRODUCERS
The organelle (cell component) where ATP is made in mass quantities
MITOCHONDRIA
All the chemical reactions in the body
METABOLISM
When a bunch of molecules are moved across a membrane in a container, this process is ___ (two words, no space).
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
A protein that catalyzes (speeds up, causes) chemical reactions
ENZYME
All the populations of all the species that occupy a given geographical area and interact with each other
COMMUNITY
A group of individuals from the same species that occupy the same geographical area
POPULATION
An animal that consumes plants
HERBIVORE
The maximum population size of a species that a given ecosystem can support (two words)
CARRYING CAPACITY
When molecules must be pumped across a plasma membrane using energy, this process is called ___ (two words, no space
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
The process of synthesizing ATP is called ____ (two words, no space).
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
The ____ surrounds the cell and separates from the external environment (two words, no space).
PLASMA MEMBRANE
The workbench for protein synthesis
RIBOSOME
The place inside a human cell where DNA is stored
NUCLEUS
The molecule “leftover” after the energy from ATP is harnessed
ADP
Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms that feed on and break down the remains of dead organisms
DECOMPOSERS
