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Bio1010 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same geographical area

A

POPULATION

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2
Q

A change in DNA or a chromosome that results in a different form of a gene; the source of all new variation

A

MUTATION

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3
Q

Change over time or descent with modification

A

EVOLUTION

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4
Q

The movement of tectonic plates across the earth’s surface

A

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

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5
Q

What is the concept that two or more species descended from a single species that existed in the past?

A

COMMON ANCESTRY

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6
Q

A genetic disorder that results in deformed red blood cells?

A

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

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7
Q

Which structures have little or no function, and were inherited from an ancestral species that had a larger functional form of the structure

A

VESTIGIAL

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8
Q

This means that not all the individuals in a population have the same number of offspring or the same chances of survival

A

DIFFERENTIAL FITNESS

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9
Q

High ______ indicates that an individual has had high reproductive success and has many offspring in the next generation

A

FITNESS

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10
Q

Which trait can be passed from parent to offspring.

A

HERITABLE

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11
Q

A similarity in anatomy, proteins, or DNA that results from common ancestry

A

HOMOLOGOUS

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12
Q

What occurs when more than one individual is attempting to access the same resource, such as food

A

COMPETITION

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13
Q

An evolutionary change to better suit environmental conditions

A

ADAPTATION

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14
Q

The scientific system for categorizing all life on earth

A

LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION

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15
Q

A parasite that is transmitted via mosquitoes

A

MALARIA

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16
Q

The scientific designation using of two names, genus and species, is called what?

A

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

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17
Q

The order ______ includes mammals that have fingernails and large brains.

A

PRIMATES

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18
Q

What determines which traits are adaptive

A

ENVIRONMENT

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19
Q

The process _______ (two words), in which individuals with traits best suited for a given environment have the most offspring, is a major force of evolutionary change

A

NATURAL SELECTION

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20
Q

A representation of the evolutionary relationships between species

A

EVOLUTIONARY TREE

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21
Q

The study of the distribution of species around the world

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

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22
Q

Preserved remains of an organism that are found in sedimentary layers of the earth

A

FOSSIL

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23
Q

The class of vertebrates that have glands that produce milk

A

MAMMALS

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24
Q

Which of the following requires the most ATP to move the molecule across a plasma membrane?

A

an ion moving against a concentration gradient

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25
Q

All chemical reactions in the human body that include build up or breakdown of macromolecules are termed ____________.

A

metabolic reactions.

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26
Q

The proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body are called

A

enzymes.

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27
Q

How does ATP provide energy to a cell?

A

It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process.

28
Q

What is the source of chemical energy used to power a muscle cell in your arm?

A
29
Q

What are the steps of cellular respiration (specifically aerobic respiration, i.e. oxygen is present) in order.

A

1.Glycosis in the mitochondria 2.) Citric acid (Krebs) cycle in the mitochondria 3.) Electron transport chain in the mitochondria

30
Q

What can happen to the carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration?

A

It’s converted to glucose by plants.

31
Q

The waste product of fermentation is ____ in animals. It causes muscles to “burn” if they are not receiving sufficient oxygen to perform aerobic respiration.

A

lactic acid

32
Q

In which organelle is the majority of ATP molecules synthesized?

A

mitochondria

33
Q

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

A

Energy flows from the sun to producers and then to consumers.

34
Q

Omnivores differ from carnivores in that omnivores derive their energy from

A

plants and animals.

35
Q

Learn the trophic pyramid

A
36
Q

Autotrophs obtain energy from sunlight and store it in their biomass through the process of _____.

A

photosynthesis

37
Q

The total amount of stored energy within a given ecosystem is referred to as the

A

net primary production

38
Q

When a change in one level of the ecosystem has significant impacts on the other levels and components of the ecosystem, this effect is called a

A

trophic cascade

39
Q

is a sugar molecule, and the energy stored in this molecule can be used to synthesize ATP.

A

Glucose

40
Q

The _______ (two words) is an exchange between the atmosphere and organisms, starting when photosynthesis takes a crucial compound from the atomsphere to form a simple sugar.

A

CARBON CYCLE

41
Q

A ______ (two words) consumes primary consumers.

A

SECONDARY CONSUMER

42
Q

When molecules move through a membrane without using energy, this process is called ___ (two words, no spaces).

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

43
Q

The process by which producers use the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars for energy storage

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

44
Q

An animal that consumes other animals

A

CARNIVORE

45
Q

A change at one trophic level, such as a population increase, that affects organisms at other trophic levels is called a ______ (two words).

A

TROPHIC CASCADE

46
Q

The difference between the density of molecules on one side of a membrane versus the other side is the ___(two words, no space).

A

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

47
Q

An animal that consumes producers

A

PRIMARY CONSUMER

48
Q

An animal that consumers both plants and other animals

A

OMNIVORE

49
Q

The functional role of an organism in its environment - for instance, when it is active and what it eats.

A

NICHE

50
Q

Organisms that perform photosynthesis

A

PRODUCERS

51
Q

The organelle (cell component) where ATP is made in mass quantities

A

MITOCHONDRIA

52
Q

All the chemical reactions in the body

A

METABOLISM

53
Q

When a bunch of molecules are moved across a membrane in a container, this process is ___ (two words, no space).

A

VESICULAR TRANSPORT

54
Q

A protein that catalyzes (speeds up, causes) chemical reactions

A

ENZYME

55
Q

All the populations of all the species that occupy a given geographical area and interact with each other

A

COMMUNITY

56
Q

A group of individuals from the same species that occupy the same geographical area

A

POPULATION

57
Q

An animal that consumes plants

A

HERBIVORE

58
Q

The maximum population size of a species that a given ecosystem can support (two words)

A

CARRYING CAPACITY

59
Q

When molecules must be pumped across a plasma membrane using energy, this process is called ___ (two words, no space

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

60
Q

The process of synthesizing ATP is called ____ (two words, no space).

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

61
Q

The ____ surrounds the cell and separates from the external environment (two words, no space).

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

62
Q

The workbench for protein synthesis

A

RIBOSOME

63
Q

The place inside a human cell where DNA is stored

A

NUCLEUS

64
Q

The molecule “leftover” after the energy from ATP is harnessed

A

ADP

65
Q

Bacteria, fungi, and other organisms that feed on and break down the remains of dead organisms

A

DECOMPOSERS

Bio1010 (4 decks)

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