Unit 1 - Exam

Question 1

What are the two broad categories that all cells fall into?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

Question 2

Archaea are classified as which kind of cells?

Answer 2

prokaryotes

Question 3

What does the “kary” in Prokaryotes mean?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Cells of animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all classified as what?

Answer 4

eukaryotes

Question 5

All cells share which four common components (Hint: Please Catch Riley Dogs)

Answer 5

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and DNA

Question 6

What do prokaryotes lack? (two answers)

Answer 6

A nucleus, AND any other membrane bound organelles.

Question 7

What does the cell wall of a prokaryote do?

Answer 7

helps maintain shape, and prevents dehydration

Question 8

What helps with locomotion in a cell?

Answer 8

Flagella

Question 9

What is used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation?

Answer 9

Pili

Question 10

What is used by bacteria to attach to a host cell.

Answer 10

Fimbriae

Question 11

What happens if a cell grows too large?

Answer 11

It can not support the rate of diffusion

Question 12

What do Eukaryotic cells have that prokarotic cells do not

Answer 12

A nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 13

Which cells have a more complex structure? eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 13

eukaryotic

Question 14

What is a lipid molecule with two fatty acid chains

Answer 14

phospholipid

Question 15

How do wastes leave a cell?

Answer 15

Passing through the plasma membrane

Question 16

Plasma membranes of cells that specialize in absorption are folded into what fingerlike projections?

Answer 16

microvilli

Question 17

What is the entire region of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

What is the cytoplasm made up of

Answer 18

organelles, cytosol, and the cytoskeleton

Question 19

Where do many metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis, take place

Answer 19

cytoplasm

Question 20

What houses the DNA

Answer 20

the nucleus

Question 21

Where does the ribosome synthethesis occur

Answer 21

necleolus

Question 22

What is the boundary of the nucleus is called?

Answer 22

nuclear envelope

Question 23

Where is the nuclear envelope located?

Answer 23

outermost portion of the nucleus

Question 24

What is the semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus, where we find the chromatin and the nucleolus

Answer 24

The Nucleoplasm

Question 25

What are the structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA, the hereditary material.

Answer 25

Chromosomes

Question 26

When are chromosomes visible and distinguishable from one another

Answer 26

when the cell is getting ready to divide.

Question 27

What are the unwound protein chromosome complexes called?

Answer 27

Chromatin

Question 28

darkly staining area within the nucleus called?

Answer 28

the nucleolus

Question 29

What are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

Where are the Ribosomes located

Answer 30

in the cytoplasm

Question 31

What are the building blocks of protein

Answer 31

Amino Acids

Question 32

What are commonly referred to powerhouses or energy factories?

Answer 32

Mitochondira

Question 33

What is responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 33

Mitochondria

Question 34

What happens when your cells don’t get enough oxygen (hint: when your muscles aren’t getting enough oxygen they produce this)

Answer 34

they do not make enough ATP causing production in lactic acid

Question 35

What are the inner folds of the Mitochondria called

Answer 35

cristae

Question 36

What carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids

Answer 36

Peroxisomes

Question 37

What do Peroxisomes do when poison’s enter the body?

Answer 37

Detoxify them

Question 38

What are the two membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport

Answer 38

Vesicles and vacuoles

Question 39

What do animal cells have that plants do not

Answer 39

centrioles and lysosomes

Question 40

What do Plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Answer 40

a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole

Question 41

What is the microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells. (that lie at right angles)

Answer 41

centrosome

Question 42

Which cells are capable of cell division

Answer 42

Plants

Question 43

DELETE

Answer 43

DELETE

Question 44

What are the cells garbage disposal?

Answer 44

lysosomes

Question 45

In plant cells, where does the digestive processes take place

Answer 45

vacuoles

Question 46

What is the rigid covering that protects the cell?

Answer 46

cell wall

Question 47

What is the chief component of prokaryotic cell walls

Answer 47

peptidoglycan

Question 48

What is the the major organic molecule in the plant cell wall

Answer 48

cellulose

Question 49

What are plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis called?

Answer 49

Chloroplasts (you must spell this answer)

Question 50

What is a major difference between plants and animals when consuming (eating)

Answer 50

plants (autotrophs) are able to make their own food, like sugars, while animals (heterotrophs) must ingest their food

Question 51

Within the space enclosed by a chloroplast’s inner membrane is a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs called?

Answer 51

thylakoids

Question 52

What is a stack of thylakoids called?

Answer 52

granum

Question 53

What is the green pigment in a chloroplast called?

Answer 53

chlorophyll

Question 54

What captures the light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis?

Answer 54

chlorophyll

Question 55

What plays a key role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions.

Answer 55

central vacuole

Question 56

What are the steps to the scientific method?

Answer 56

Ask Question, Form a Hypothesis, perform tests, Collect Data, Anaylize Data, Finalize

Question 57

What is a variable?

Answer 57

Anything that varies

Question 58

What is an independent variable

Answer 58

Something you can control

Question 59

What is a dependent variable

Answer 59

Stuff that occurs naturally (you attempt to control the dependent variable by adjusting the independent variable)

Question 60

What is empirical Information?

Answer 60

Events that can be observed

Question 61

What are composed of biomolecules, have a complex outer membrane and contain organelles?

Answer 61

Cells

Question 62

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 62

Growth, Responds to stimuli, Reproduces, Metabolizes, Maintains Homeostasis, Made of living cells, Four biomolecules, Evolves

Question 63

What four biomolecules are in living organisms (hint: if plan a & b fails)

Answer 63

Carbs, proteins, lipids and Nucleic Acids

Question 64

What are the combination of cells

Answer 64

Tissues

Question 65

What is the collection of two or more tissues grouped together

Answer 65

organs

Question 66

What is the collection of organs?

Answer 66

Organ system

Question 67

What is a set of populations inhabiting a particular area?

Answer 67

Community

Question 68

What are all living things in a particular area together?

Answer 68

Ecosystem

Question 69

What is a collection of all ecosystems

Answer 69

Biosphere

Question 70

What is the scientific classification and naming of life called?

Answer 70

Taxonomy

Question 71

What is a group of organisms that can reproduce with each other

Answer 71

Species

Question 72

What is the scientific naming system called?

Answer 72

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 73

What two parts make up the Bionomial Naming

Answer 73

Genus AND species

Question 74

What are the three domains of life

Answer 74

Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria

Question 75

What bond to make up molecules

Answer 75

atoms

Question 76

What are the vessels inside plants that transport water?

Answer 76

Xylem

Question 77

What fights gravity inside a plant

Answer 77

Adhesion

Question 78

What bonds molecules together, provide an example

Answer 78

Cohesion (example surface tension)

Question 79

What are sugars composed of

Answer 79

Carbon and hydrogens

Question 80

What are two examples of Simple sugars

Answer 80

Monosaccharide and disaccharides

Question 81

What does “ose” mean

Answer 81

Sugar

Question 82

What is an example of a complex sugar

Answer 82

Polysaccharides

Question 83

Which fats are solid at room temp

Answer 83

Saturated

Question 84

Which fats are liquid at room temp

Answer 84

Unsaturated

Question 85

What make up the cell membranes

Answer 85

Phospholipids

Question 86

Cholesterol and hormones are classified as

Answer 86

Steroids

Question 87

What are the three examples of fats

Answer 87

Triglycerides, Phospholipids and Steroids

Question 88

What is the most common protein in the human body

Answer 88

Collagen

Question 89

What are the each levels of taxonomic classification (in order)

Answer 89

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Species

Question 90

What are the elements of living things (Hint think baby fawns)

Answer 90

Phosphorous, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

Question 91

The elements of living things make up what (Hint: if plan A and B fail)

Answer 91

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Question 92

How many elements have been defined (how many occur naturally)

Answer 92

118 - defined, 92 - occurred naturally

Question 93

What is created when protons and electrons are not equal?

Answer 93

ions

Question 94

positive ions formed by losing an electron are called

Answer 94

Cations

Question 95

negative ions formed by losing an electron are called

Answer 95

Anions

Question 96

Which bond occurs when electrons share equally between elements

Answer 96

Covalent Bonds

Question 97

Which bond occurs when electrons DO NOT share equally between elements

Answer 97

Polar Covalent bonds

Question 98

Elements that dissolve in water are called

Answer 98

Hydrophilic

Question 99

Elements that DO NOT dissolve in water are called

Answer 99

Hydrophobic

Question 100

What does pH measure

Answer 100

acidity based off the amount of hydrogen

Question 101

What raises pH?

Answer 101

bases

Question 102

What absorb H or OH keeping the pH of the body carefully maintained

Answer 102

Buffers

Question 103

What does each row indicate in the periodic table

Answer 103

Number of shells in the element (increasing down)

Question 104

What does each column indicate in the periodic table

Answer 104

the number of electrons per shell (increasing to the right)

Question 105

How do you satisfy the octet rule

Answer 105

By making the outer shell of an element equal 8

Question 106

What prevents water from being a gas?

Answer 106

hydrogen bonding

Question 107

High hydrogen indicates?

Answer 107

Low pH

Question 108

What Indicates high pH

Answer 108

Low hydrogen

Question 109

What builds steroid hormones

Answer 109

lipids

Question 110

What occurs when a change at one trophic level affects the other levels as well?

Answer 110

TROPHIC CASCADE

Question 111

What is a characteristic in which a complex organization has that the individual parts do not?

Answer 111

EMERGENT PROPERTY

Question 112

What Contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 112

NUCLEUS

Question 113

A membrane-bound container for bulk transport of molecules across the plasma membane?

Answer 113

VESICLE

Question 114

What are the parts of the cell that perform specific functions

Answer 114

ORGANELLES

Question 115

Primates have ___ which allows them to have visual depth perception

Answer 115

BINOCULAR VISION

Question 116

A collection of individuals of the same species that live together and interbreed?

Answer 116

POPULATION

Question 117

The ___ is like the workbench for protein synthesis.

Answer 117

RIBOSOME

Question 118

All primates have ____ that allow them to pick up and manipulate objects

Answer 118

OPPOSABLE THUMBS

Question 119

What results in more individuals (offspring) in the population.

Answer 119

REPRODUCTION

Question 120

What is the change over time, often by adapting to the environment called?

Answer 120

Evolution

Question 121

This is composed of two or more tissues.

Answer 121

Organ

Question 122

Keeping the body in a steady state

Answer 122

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 123

The phylum that includes animals that have spinal cords.

Answer 123

CHORDATA

Question 124

This taxonomic level includes all the individuals who can reproduce with each other.

Answer 124

SPECIES

Question 125

The organelle that performs photosynthesis

Answer 125

CHLOROPLAST

Question 126

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

Answer 126

TISSUE

Question 127

The taxonomic level that includes mammals

Answer 127

Class

Question 128

The highest classification of life

Answer 128

Domain

Question 129

What is the smallest unit that can be considered alive

Answer 129

Cell

Question 130

An infectious agent composed of biomolecules

Answer 130

Virus

Question 131

What are the building blocks of life

Answer 131

BIOMOLECULES

Question 132

All the chemical reactions in the body

Answer 132

METABOLISM

Question 133

The second-highest classification of life

Answer 133

KINGDOM

Question 134

“Homo” is the name of the ____ of humans.

Answer 134

GENUS

Question 135

This order includes apes, monkeys, and humans

Answer 135

PRIMATE

Question 136

Cell membranes contain lipids that are called

Answer 136

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Question 137

These particles are located in the nucleus of the atom and have a positive charge.

Answer 137

PROTON

Question 138

What type of carbohydrates are several sugar molecules linked together.

Answer 138

COMPLEX

Question 139

The polar nature of water helps organisms maintain their _______ in homeostasis

Answer 139

TEMPERATURE

Question 140

Fats and oils belong to a type of lipid called a ____.

Answer 140

TRIGLYCERIDE

Question 141

A fundamental form of matter, which cannot be broken down, is called?

Answer 141

ELEMENT

Question 142

Chemistry is the study of _____ and energy.

Answer 142

MATTER

Question 143

Molecules that are formed from polar covalent bonds like to dissolve in water. These molecules are ______.

Answer 143

HYDROPHILIC

Question 144

The building blocks of proteins are

Answer 144

Ammino Acid

Question 145

A particle made of a collection of protons, neutrons (in all cases but one), and electrons.

Answer 145

atom

Question 146

_____ molecules do not have a backbone of carbon.

Answer 146

INORGANIC

Question 147

A macromolecule made of amino acids

Answer 147

proteins

Question 148

When atoms share electrons with each other and form a stable association, they form a ____.

Answer 148

MOLECULE

Question 149

When salt is dissolved in water, the ions (also called electrolytes) are called?

Answer 149

SOLUTES

Question 150

Protons and ____ are located in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 150

NEUTRON

Question 151

Cholesterol and some hormones are lipids called?

Answer 151

STEROIDS

Question 152

Starches and sugars are?

Answer 152

CARBOHYDRATES

Question 153

Triglycerides are in a class of macromolecules called?

Answer 153

LIPIDS

Question 154

Molecules that will not dissolve in water are called _____. Lipids are an example

Answer 154

HYDROPHOBIC

Question 155

Which molecules have a backbone of carbon

Answer 155

ORGANIC

Question 156

When electrons are not shared equally between atoms, and there is a difference in charge across the molecule, these molecules have what kind of bond?

Answer 156

Polar

Question 157

When salt is dissolved in water, water is referred to as the ____.

Answer 157

SOLVENT

Question 158

The nucleic acid that carries out the instructions of DNA is called?

Answer 158

RNA

Question 159

The nucleotide that provides energy to do work in a cell is?

Answer 159

ATP

Question 160

These particles are found in shells outside the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 160

ELECTRON

Question 161

What kind of carbohydrates have one or two sugar molecules linked together

Answer 161

SIMPLE

Question 162

The hereditary molecule for all living organisms is ___.

Answer 162

DNA

Question 163

This protein is a catalyst - that is, it increases the rate of chemical reactions.

Answer 163

ENZYME

Question 164

The ____ are made of RNA and proteins, and they assemble strings of amino acids to make other proteins.

Answer 164

RIBOSOMES

Question 165

Another name for the outer cell membrane is the ___ membrane.

Answer 165

PLASMA

Question 166

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

Answer 166

METABOLISM

Question 167

The energy from this simple sugar is utilized to create ATP through cellular respiration.

Answer 167

GLUCOSE

Question 168

The molecule that accepts electrons at the end of aerobic respiration. Without it, aerobic respiration would stop.

Answer 168

OXYGEN

Question 169

Embedded in the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are ____ that have various functions like transporting molecules in and out, and receiving information.

Answer 169

PROTEINS

Question 170

_____ transport includes endocytosis and exocytosis, when containers move substances in and out of the cell.

Answer 170

VESICULAR

Question 171

When the transport of substances across the membrane does not require energy from the cell, this transport is called ___ transport.

Answer 171

PASSIVE

Question 172

During aerobic respiration, the carbons of glucose are released as _____

Answer 172

CARBON DIOXIDE

Question 173

When a substance is forced across the membrane, using ENERGY, to an area of higher concentration, this process is ____ transport.

Answer 173

ACTIVE

Question 174

Membrane-bound containers inside the cell that ship and store substances

Answer 174

VESICLES

Question 175

All cells have an outer membrane. This membrane is made of proteins embedded in molecules called ____.

Answer 175

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Question 176

The difference in the amounts of a substance on the two sides of the plasma membrane is referred to as the concentration ____.

Answer 176

GRADIENT

Question 177

The liquid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____.

Answer 177

CYTOSOL

Question 178

Everything contained within the cell membrane is the ______.

Answer 178

CYTOPLASM

Question 179

Most living organisms can use oxygen and glucose to produce ATP in a process called _____ (two words).

Answer 179

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Question 180

The DNA is housed in this structure in Eukaryotic cells.

Answer 180

NUCLEUS

Question 181

The molecule produced by aerobic respiration (two words, not abbreviated).

Answer 181

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE

Question 182

What occurs when substances move along their concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration.

Answer 182

DIFFUSION

Question 183

The structures floating in the cytosol that perform various functions are the ____

Answer 183

ORGANELLES

Question 184

These organelles perform cellular respiration to produce ATP. They are often called the “power plant” of the cell.

Answer 184

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 185

Which tissue type lines the intestines and performs absorption of nutrients?

Question 186

Your tendons are made of ___ tissue, and they are part of your ____ system.

Question 187

Consider a protein that is shaped like a tunnel and embedded in the outer cell membrane. What is its likely function?