Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio1010 > Unit 2 - Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cell division in body cells, causing growth, development, and replacement of dead cells.

A

MITOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Your genotype is your genetic make-up, and your actual physical traits are your ___.

A

PHENOTYPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This refers to whether a gene is transcribed to a protein, or turned “on”

A

GENE EXPRESSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins are made of ____ linked together

A

AMINO ACIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most chromosomes are ___, and they do not determine sex.

A

AUTOSOMES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A trait that is determined by multiple genes.

A

POLYGENIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The smallest unit of life

A

CELL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The matching of bases when building a new DNA molecule follows which rule?

A

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___ is the process by which a stem cell because a specific cell, like a liver cell or a muscle cell (two words, no spaces).

A

CELLULAR DIFFERENTIATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The electrical impulse that travels down the axon is called an?

A

Action Potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs cross the blood-brain barrier and affect the nervous system.

A

PSYCHOACTIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ___ of the neuron receive signals from other neurons.

A

DENDRITES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The portion of the nervous system that consists of nerves running throughout your body

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Portion of the brainstem that (among other things) controls respiration and heart rate (two words)

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An action potential travels along the ___ of a neuron.

A

AXON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This lobe of the cerebrum processes visual information

A

OCCIPITAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ____ is a wall between the bloodstream and the nervous system, and only some substances can cross it

A

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A neurotransmitter that can produce feelings of wellbeing, pleasure, and euphoria

A

DOPAMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The lowest part of the brain

A

BRAINSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The chemical signal that travels between neurons is the

A

NEURO TRANSMITTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The top portion of the brain that is responsible for higher cognitive function, and includes several lobes with specific functions

A

CEREBRUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The ___ is the communication cell of the nervous cell.

A

NEURON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This lobe of the cerebrum processes tactile sensory information (touch).

A

PARIETAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The ___ lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for decision-making, voluntary motor, and personality.

A

FRONTAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The link between the right and left hemispheres of the brain

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The structure of the brain that smooths and coordinates motor activity (does not function well if large amounts of alcohol are consumed).

A

CEREBELLUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The ___ sheath insulates the axon.

A

MYELIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This lobe of the cerebrum processes auditory and olfactory (smell) information

A

TEMPORAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The top portion of the brain that is responsible for higher cognitive function, and includes several lobes with specific functions

A

CEREBRUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A gap between two neurons

A

SYNAPSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Opioids bind to this structure on a neuron

A

OPIOID RECEPTOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

This neuron releases neurotransmitter to signal another neuron (or muscle)

A

PRESYNAPTIC NEURON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

An ___ neurotransmitter will stimulate/activate the postsynaptic neuron.

A

EXCITATORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

An ___ neurotransmitter will “put the brakes” or stop activity in the postsynaptic neuron.

A

INHIBITORY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A portion of the brainstem that includes the ventral tegmental area (VTA)

A

MIDBRAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

____ neurons inhibit the release of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).

A

GABAERGIC

38
Q

A portion of the midbrain that sends dopamine into the “pleasure circuit”

A

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA

39
Q

The ____ has receptors that receive and respond to the neurotransmitters

A

POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON

40
Q

What are the pain receptors called

A

NOCICEPTOR

41
Q

A complete set of homologous chromosomal pairs is the ___ number, which are found in most cells of the body.

A

DIPLOID

42
Q

An ___ is an alternative form (or version) of a gene

A

ALLELE

43
Q

Cell division resulting in sex cells (eggs and sperm).

A

MEIOSIS

44
Q

____ is a process of homeostasis that brings the body back to the original state (it has the opposite effect)

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

45
Q

The process of actually assembling a protein, performed by different types of RNA.

A

TRANSLATION

46
Q

A ___ is a set of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid.

A

CODON

47
Q

Information used to build proteins

A

DNA

48
Q

Alleles that are not expressed if a dominant allele is on the same locus of the other chromosome in a pair.

A

RECESSIVE

49
Q

A large molecule in the nucleus of a cell that is composed of a long strand of DNA (and other supporting proteins).

A

CHROMOSOME

50
Q

A structure composed of two or more tissues

A

ORGAN

51
Q

The ___ number of chromosomes are found in sex cells, and contain one member of each pair of chromosomes.

A

HAPLOID

52
Q

The location of a particular gene on a particular chromosome.

A

LOCUS

53
Q

A pair of chromosomes, like pair 7, are ____. You received one from your mother and the other from your father.

A

HOMOLOGOUS

54
Q

An organ that secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar (it also secretes digestive enzymes).

A

PANCREAS

55
Q

All of an organism’s genes are called a

A

GENOME

56
Q

is a hormone that signals the liver to release glucose into the blood.

A

GLUCAGON

57
Q

____ is a state of equilibrium. Many regulatory mechanisms in the body will operate to maintain this state.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

58
Q

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein or part of a protein

A

GENE

59
Q

____ helps transport information from DNA and assemble a protein

A

RNA

60
Q

The process of creating a new DNA molecule

A

REPLICATION

61
Q

____ is a hormone that signals the liver to take glucose out of blood and store it.

A

INSULIN

62
Q

An individual that carries a recessive allele (and can pass it on to their offspring), but does not express that allele because they also have a dominant allele.

A

CARRIER

63
Q

In the process of ___, RNA makes a complementary copy of DNA.

A

TRANSCRIPTION

64
Q

What are chains of amino acids

A

Protein

65
Q

What determines the function of the protein

A

Its shape

66
Q

This system functions to obtain nutrients

A

Digestive

67
Q

This system includes the larynx and pharynx

A

Respiratory

68
Q

An endocrine gland that regulates metabolism

A

Thyroid

69
Q

This cell type is free-floating and flat, allowing for quick exchange of material in and out of the cell

A

Red Blood Cell

70
Q

This system transports substance throughout the body

A

Circulatory

71
Q

This substance covers joint surfaces

A

Cartilage

72
Q

The reproductive organs where a fetus develops

A

Uterus

73
Q

A digestive system organ that produces enzymes

A

Pacreas

74
Q

This system provides both support and protection

A

Skeletal

75
Q

This system function to rid the body of waste and maintain water balance

A

Urinary

76
Q

This tissue consists of sheets of cells that line surfaces for protection and exchange of material

A

Epithelial

77
Q

The master control of the endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

78
Q

This system consists of several organ including tonsils and the spleen

A

Lymphatic

79
Q

The organ for gas exchange

A

Lung

80
Q

This cell type has long protein filaments that slide past each other

A

Muscle

81
Q

What is another word for the throat

A

Pharynx

82
Q

This cell type is long and thin and functions to communicate with other cells

A

Nervous

83
Q

A digestive system organ that stores nutrients

A

Liver

84
Q

This system functions to communicate information and control processes in the body and the does it through hormones

A

Endocrine

85
Q

This system provides an outer layer of protection of the body

A

Integumentary system

86
Q

The organ that filters blood

A

Kidney

87
Q

These structures hold bones together

A

Ligament

88
Q

The organ that produces sex cells

A

Gonads

89
Q

An endocrine gland that releases adrenaline

A

Adrenal

90
Q

These structures anchor skeletal muscles to bones

A

Tendons

91
Q

This cell type is long and thin and functions to communicate with other cells

A

Neuron

92
Q

This type of tissue binds structures together

A

Connective

Bio1010 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions