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Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Vitamin A

A

Immune and blood cell development

Found in liver, carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes

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3
Q

Vitamin D

A

Promotes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium absorption

Found in sunlight, mushrooms, yeast, egg yolks

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4
Q

Vitamin E

A

antioxidant

Found in wheat germ, sunflower seeds, almonds

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5
Q

Vitamin K

A

Clotting.

Found in green leafy veggies.

Infants need vitamin K injection due to lack of vitamin K at birth

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6
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

C,B1-3,5-7,9,12

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7
Q

Vitamin C

A

Process proteins, antioxidants-given for wound healing.

Found in citrus fruits, OJ, peppers, strawberries

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8
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

Deficiency-Beriberi: body needs thiamin to break down and digest the foods you eat, to keep your metabolism going, and help your muscles and nervous system do their jobs effectively

Found in soybeans, whole grains, milk, lentils

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9
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

Skin and hair, transports RBCs.

Found in cow milk, asparagus, almonds, broccoli

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10
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

DNA repair and cancer prevention

Found in mushrooms, sunflower seeds, peanuts

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11
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pathothenic Acid

Helps produce coenzymes

Found in egg yolks, pork, shellfish, legumes

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12
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

Helps produce serotonin

Found in turkey, salmon, cereals, nuts, spinach

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13
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin

Produce fatty acids to promote cell growth.

Found in egg yolks, salmon, liver, pecans, soybeans

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14
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic Acid

Helps create new DNA (fetal development)

Found in legumes, nuts, green leady veggies, avocado

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15
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

Cognition and neurological function and RBC development

Found in sardines, beef, milk

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16
Q

National Patient Safety Goals

A

Proper Patient Identification

Improve Staff communication

Use medication safely

Use alarms safely

Prevent Hospital Acquired Infections

Identify client safety risks and reduce risk of suicide

Prevent adverse events in surgery

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17
Q

Culture of Safety

A

Goal of decreasing errors that can lead to illness, injury or death

Confidential reporting of safety issues, incidents, near misses

Mentorship and leadership for employees

Rapid Response Team

Standardized Communication Tools (ISBARR)

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18
Q

Near Misses

A

potential error that could’ve caused harm

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19
Q

Safety Event

A

Unexpected event that caused or could have caused harm

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20
Q

Adverse Events

A

Situation that caused unexpected harm

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21
Q

Sentinel Event

A

“Never” Events

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22
Q

Hospital Acquired Injuries (HAI)

A

Focus as nurse to prevent these

Infections, burns, blood transfusion incompatibility, falls, ineffective insulin usage, DVT, pressure injury, surgical site infection (SSI), ect

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23
Q

Who’s most at risk for HAIs?

A

Patients with disabling medical conditions such as stroke, neurodegenerative disorders (MS or Parkinson’s)

Behavioral disorders such as schizophrenia, personality disorders, and substance abuse disorder

Vision Disabilities, vision impairment/blindness; including eye conditions such as cataracts

Communication disabilities such as autism, hearing impairment, neuro-conditions

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24
Q

Braden Assessment

A

Risk for skin breakdowns assessment

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25
Morse Assessment
Risk for falls assessment
26
RACE
Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish
27
PASS
Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
28
Common factors associated with workplace violence?
Violence that is unreported, Providing care for clients with a history of violence, Providing care alone in client's home, Space that prevents escape from violence, Inability to call for help, Staff shortages
29
What are the signs of staff perpetuated violence?
Worsening quality of care, Persistent complaining about circumstances, Abuse of facility policies, Mood swings, Drug alcohol abuse, emotional outburst upon receiving criticism, Paranoia
30
Active Shooter
Run Hide Fight
31
Factors that contribute to patient falls
Disease processes: strokes, recent surgery Mobility: amputation, chronic pain, history of falling Perceptual Impairment: Visual impairment Environmental: Room clutter, poor lighting, slippery floors Cognitive Impairment: dementia, depression,sleep disorders Medication: antidepressants, antihypertensives, anticonvulsant Staffing: short-staffed units Toileting: frequency, with or without incontinece Age: older age
32
Universal Fall Precautions
non-skid footwear, bed in low position, locked bed, call light in reach
33
Types of restraints
Physical Mechanical Chemical Barrier Seclusion
34
What must be assessed and tended to for restrained patients?
Personal hygiene, Vitals, Device checks, Fluids and food, Circulatory, Respiratory, Skin checks, Client must be monitored frequently (every 2 hours at least)
35
Preseizure Interventions
Suction equipment at bedside, Oxygen at the bedside, Establish 2 IVs, Padded side rails, Inspect environment and remove items that could be dangerous, educate family to not put anything in the patient's mouth during a seizure
36
Seizure Interventions
Call for immediate assistance, Put the patient in side-lying position, Protect the head, Maintain airway and provide suction PRN, Note duration of seizure and typeof movements
37
Postseizure Intervention
Determine mental status, Measure vital signs and O2 levels, Assess gag reflex, Provide comfort and explain what happened to family and patient, and Provide a quiet environment for recovery, Document
38
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination
39
Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body Drug Effects Drug Concentration
40
Drug Effects
Onset Peak Duration
41
Onset
The time it takes for a drug to produce a therapeutic effect
42
Peak
When the drug is fully absorbed and the med is distributed throughout the body and the drug is at its highest level of concentration
43
Duration
Total amount of time drug is producing theraputic effect
44
Half-Life
the time it takes for meds to fall to half its strength through excretion
45
Trough
Lowest level of concentration of a med that correlated to the level of elimination
46
Drug Concentration
Peak Trough
47
Pregnancy Categories
Categories for the assessment of medications for the risk of fetal injury due to the medication (if taken as directed). It does not include any risks conferred by medication in breast milk.
48
Pregnancy Category A
No risk in Human studies Example: Thiamine, Pyridoxine, Folic acid, Docusate, Senna, Bisacodyl, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Levothyroxine, Isoniazid
49
Pregnancy Category B
No risk in studies Examples: Acetaminophen, Ketamine, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Glucagon, Metformin
50
Pregnancy Category C
Risk cannot be ruled out Examples: Ibphrofen
51
Pregnancy Category D
Positive evidence of risk Examples: Aspirin, Warfarin, Lithium
52
Pregnancy Category X
Contradictory in pregnancies Example: Valproate, Methotrexate, Ribavirin, Triazolam, Bosentan, Aliskiren, Emergency contraception: Levonorgestrel, Ulipristal, Griseofulvin, Methylene blue, Oxytocin, Riociguat, Isotretinoin
53
10 Rights of Med Administration
Right Client Right Medication Right Route Right Dose Right Time Right Assessment Right to Refuse Right Evaluation Right Documentation Right Education
54
Oral (PO)
Tablets, capsules, liquids, enteric-coated tablets, suspensions, elixirs, lozenges Contraindications for oral meds are vomiting, decreased GI mobility, absence of gag reflex, aspiration risk, difficulty swallowing, decreased level of consciousness
55
Enteral Feeding Tube (EFT)
Nasogastric tube (NG), Gastrostomy tube (GT), Jejunostomy tube (JT), Nasoduodenal tube (ND) Use liquid forms of meds for tube, do not crush sublingual, extended/time-release, fluid-filled, enteric-coated medications Flush tubing before and after each medication with 15mL-30mL water Flush with another 30mL-60mL after instilling all medications
56
Sublingual (SL)
under the tongue bypasses the liver and directly enters the bloodstream do not eat or drink until medication fully dissolves
57
Buccal
between cheek and the gum bypasses the liver and directly enters the bloodstream do not eat or drink until medication fully dissolves
58
Rectal (PR)
For clients who are having trouble swallowing, an obstructed bowel, decreased movement in intestinal tract, or patients that are unconscious Medication (suppository) is absorbed through linning of the rectal vault The patient is positioned in the left lateral or Sims' positions
59
Vaginal (PV)
Patient is positioned in dorsal recumbent position or modified lithotomy Insert suppository or creams, jellies, or foams along the posterior wall of the vagina Instruct patient to remain supine for at least 5 mins after the insertion
60
Inhalation
Administer through meter dose inhalers (MDI) or dry powder inhalers (DPI) Typically for respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and infectious pulmonary disease
61
Nasal (NAS)
Drops or sprays instilled within the nostrils Absorbed through the mucous membranes into the bloodstream
62
Otic
Instilled into the outer ear pull up and out for adults and down and back for children, massage tragus if not painful Have patient remain in a side-lying position for 2-3 mins after administration
63
Ophthalmic
Meds are applied to the mucous membranes of the eyes or conjunctiva Resthandon forehead, drop the medication into the conjunctival sac, and have them close their eyes gently For ointment apply a thin ribbon to the edge of the lower eyelid
64
Transdermal
Patches are applied to the upper torso, chest, upper arms, back, or behind the ear Allows for the meds to be absorbed slowly, providing prolonged med release
65
Subcutaneous (subcut)
Can be self-administered Max delivery is 1mL-2mL Slow absorption Into the subcutaneous tissue Rotate sites Pinch skin and insert at 45° to 90° angle Use 90° for obese clients 25G-27G Insulin use 28G-31G insulin syringe 3/8-5/8 inch length
66
Intramuscular (IM)
Delivered into larger skeletal muscles Faster absorption compared to PO Painful Deltoidsite used frequently for immunization in adults Injections should be given at 90° Length may need adjusting depending on the patient's weight and size 18G-25G (depends on amount and viscosity of medication)
67
Intradermal
Injected into Dermis Usually for Allergies or Tuberculosis Don't rub spot after Max amount: 0.1mL 5°-15° angle in dermis 25G-27G 1/4-5/8 inch length
68
IM Ventrogluteal max fluid
3mL
69
IM Deltoid max fluid
2mL
70
IM Vastus Lateralis max fluid
1mL to 3mL (can be self administered)
71
Biological Therapies
Substances found in nature. Supplements, vitamins, herbs/botanic medications, nutritional supplements, vitamins and minerals, and probiotics
72
Mind Body Therapies
Focus on interactions of mind, the body and the brain, to positively affect physical functions and health promotion Relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis, yoga
73
Manual Therapies
Hands on Focus on the structures and systems of the body Massage, chiropractor, reflexology
74
Bioenergetic Therapies
Manipulation of energy fields. Veritable (measurable) relies on electromagnetic fields; Magnet therapy or Light therapy Putative (assumed) is based on the concept that humans possess energy; Healing touch, Theraputic touch, Reiki
75
Movement therapies
Use of exercise or activity to promote physical and emotional wellbeing Pilates and Dance Therapy
76
Alternative Systems
Whole medical systems that develop over time and in different cultures separate from western medication practice Ayurverda, traditional Chinese medicine, Homeopathy, Naturopathy

Nursing Fundamentals (7 decks)

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