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Nursing Fundamentals > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Vitamin A

A

Immune and blood cell development

Found in liver, carrots, pumpkin, sweet potatoes

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3
Q

Vitamin D

A

Promotes calcium, phosphorus, magnesium absorption

Found in sunlight, mushrooms, yeast, egg yolks

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4
Q

Vitamin E

A

antioxidant

Found in wheat germ, sunflower seeds, almonds

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5
Q

Vitamin K

A

Clotting.

Found in green leafy veggies.

Infants need vitamin K injection due to lack of vitamin K at birth

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6
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

C,B1-3,5-7,9,12

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7
Q

Vitamin C

A

Process proteins, antioxidants-given for wound healing.

Found in citrus fruits, OJ, peppers, strawberries

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8
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

Deficiency-Beriberi: body needs thiamin to break down and digest the foods you eat, to keep your metabolism going, and help your muscles and nervous system do their jobs effectively

Found in soybeans, whole grains, milk, lentils

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9
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

Skin and hair, transports RBCs.

Found in cow milk, asparagus, almonds, broccoli

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10
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

DNA repair and cancer prevention

Found in mushrooms, sunflower seeds, peanuts

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11
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pathothenic Acid

Helps produce coenzymes

Found in egg yolks, pork, shellfish, legumes

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12
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

Helps produce serotonin

Found in turkey, salmon, cereals, nuts, spinach

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13
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin

Produce fatty acids to promote cell growth.

Found in egg yolks, salmon, liver, pecans, soybeans

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14
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic Acid

Helps create new DNA (fetal development)

Found in legumes, nuts, green leady veggies, avocado

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15
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

Cognition and neurological function and RBC development

Found in sardines, beef, milk

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16
Q

National Patient Safety Goals

A

Proper Patient Identification

Improve Staff communication

Use medication safely

Use alarms safely

Prevent Hospital Acquired Infections

Identify client safety risks and reduce risk of suicide

Prevent adverse events in surgery

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17
Q

Culture of Safety

A

Goal of decreasing errors that can lead to illness, injury or death

Confidential reporting of safety issues, incidents, near misses

Mentorship and leadership for employees

Rapid Response Team

Standardized Communication Tools (ISBARR)

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18
Q

Near Misses

A

potential error that could’ve caused harm

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19
Q

Safety Event

A

Unexpected event that caused or could have caused harm

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20
Q

Adverse Events

A

Situation that caused unexpected harm

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21
Q

Sentinel Event

A

“Never” Events

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22
Q

Hospital Acquired Injuries (HAI)

A

Focus as nurse to prevent these

Infections, burns, blood transfusion incompatibility, falls, ineffective insulin usage, DVT, pressure injury, surgical site infection (SSI), ect

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23
Q

Who’s most at risk for HAIs?

A

Patients with disabling medical conditions such as stroke, neurodegenerative disorders (MS or Parkinson’s)

Behavioral disorders such as schizophrenia, personality disorders, and substance abuse disorder

Vision Disabilities, vision impairment/blindness; including eye conditions such as cataracts

Communication disabilities such as autism, hearing impairment, neuro-conditions

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24
Q

Braden Assessment

A

Risk for skin breakdowns assessment

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25
Q

Morse Assessment

A

Risk for falls assessment

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26
Q

RACE

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish

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27
Q

PASS

A

Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep

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28
Q

Common factors associated with workplace violence?

A

Violence that is unreported, Providing care for clients with a history of violence, Providing care alone in client’s home, Space that prevents escape from violence, Inability to call for help, Staff shortages

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29
Q

What are the signs of staff perpetuated violence?

A

Worsening quality of care, Persistent complaining about circumstances, Abuse of facility policies, Mood swings, Drug alcohol abuse, emotional outburst upon receiving criticism, Paranoia

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30
Q

Active Shooter

A

Run
Hide
Fight

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31
Q

Factors that contribute to patient falls

A

Disease processes: strokes, recent surgery

Mobility: amputation, chronic pain, history of falling

Perceptual Impairment: Visual impairment

Environmental: Room clutter, poor lighting, slippery floors

Cognitive Impairment: dementia, depression,sleep disorders

Medication: antidepressants, antihypertensives, anticonvulsant

Staffing: short-staffed units

Toileting: frequency, with or without incontinece

Age: older age

32
Q

Universal Fall Precautions

A

non-skid footwear, bed in low position, locked bed, call light in reach

33
Q

Types of restraints

A

Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Barrier
Seclusion

34
Q

What must be assessed and tended to for restrained patients?

A

Personal hygiene, Vitals, Device checks, Fluids and food, Circulatory, Respiratory, Skin checks, Client must be monitored frequently (every 2 hours at least)

35
Q

Preseizure Interventions

A

Suction equipment at bedside, Oxygen at the bedside, Establish 2 IVs, Padded side rails, Inspect environment and remove items that could be dangerous, educate family to not put anything in the patient’s mouth during a seizure

36
Q

Seizure Interventions

A

Call for immediate assistance, Put the patient in side-lying position, Protect the head, Maintain airway and provide suction PRN, Note duration of seizure and typeof movements

37
Q

Postseizure Intervention

A

Determine mental status, Measure vital signs and O2 levels, Assess gag reflex, Provide comfort and explain what happened to family and patient, and Provide a quiet environment for recovery, Document

38
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

39
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

Drug Effects
Drug Concentration

40
Q

Drug Effects

A

Onset
Peak
Duration

41
Q

Onset

A

The time it takes for a drug to produce a therapeutic effect

42
Q

Peak

A

When the drug is fully absorbed and the med is distributed throughout the body and the drug is at its highest level of concentration

43
Q

Duration

A

Total amount of time drug is producing theraputic effect

44
Q

Half-Life

A

the time it takes for meds to fall to half its strength through excretion

45
Q

Trough

A

Lowest level of concentration of a med that correlated to the level of elimination

46
Q

Drug Concentration

A

Peak
Trough

47
Q

Pregnancy Categories

A

Categories for the assessment of medications for the risk of fetal injury due to the medication (if taken as directed).

It does not include any risks conferred by medication in breast milk.

48
Q

Pregnancy Category A

A

No risk in Human studies

Example: Thiamine, Pyridoxine, Folic acid, Docusate, Senna, Bisacodyl, Dextromethorphan, Doxylamine, Levothyroxine, Isoniazid

49
Q

Pregnancy Category B

A

No risk in studies

Examples: Acetaminophen, Ketamine, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Glucagon, Metformin

50
Q

Pregnancy Category C

A

Risk cannot be ruled out

Examples: Ibphrofen

51
Q

Pregnancy Category D

A

Positive evidence of risk

Examples: Aspirin, Warfarin, Lithium

52
Q

Pregnancy Category X

A

Contradictory in pregnancies

Example: Valproate, Methotrexate, Ribavirin, Triazolam, Bosentan, Aliskiren, Emergency contraception: Levonorgestrel, Ulipristal, Griseofulvin, Methylene blue, Oxytocin, Riociguat, Isotretinoin

53
Q

10 Rights of Med Administration

A

Right Client
Right Medication
Right Route
Right Dose
Right Time
Right Assessment
Right to Refuse
Right Evaluation
Right Documentation
Right Education

54
Q

Oral (PO)

A

Tablets, capsules, liquids, enteric-coated tablets, suspensions, elixirs, lozenges

Contraindications for oral meds are vomiting, decreased GI mobility, absence of gag reflex, aspiration risk, difficulty swallowing, decreased level of consciousness

55
Q

Enteral Feeding Tube (EFT)

A

Nasogastric tube (NG), Gastrostomy tube (GT), Jejunostomy tube (JT), Nasoduodenal tube (ND)

Use liquid forms of meds for tube, do not crush sublingual, extended/time-release, fluid-filled, enteric-coated medications

Flush tubing before and after each medication with 15mL-30mL water

Flush with another 30mL-60mL after instilling all medications

56
Q

Sublingual (SL)

A

under the tongue

bypasses the liver and directly enters the bloodstream

do not eat or drink until medication fully dissolves

57
Q

Buccal

A

between cheek and the gum

bypasses the liver and directly enters the bloodstream

do not eat or drink until medication fully dissolves

58
Q

Rectal (PR)

A

For clients who are having trouble swallowing, an obstructed bowel, decreased movement in intestinal tract, or patients that are unconscious

Medication (suppository) is absorbed through linning of the rectal vault

The patient is positioned in the left lateral or Sims’ positions

59
Q

Vaginal (PV)

A

Patient is positioned in dorsal recumbent position or modified lithotomy

Insert suppository or creams, jellies, or foams along the posterior wall of the vagina

Instruct patient to remain supine for at least 5 mins after the insertion

60
Q

Inhalation

A

Administer through meter dose inhalers (MDI) or dry powder inhalers (DPI)

Typically for respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and infectious pulmonary disease

61
Q

Nasal (NAS)

A

Drops or sprays instilled within the nostrils

Absorbed through the mucous membranes into the bloodstream

62
Q

Otic

A

Instilled into the outer ear pull up and out for adults and down and back for children, massage tragus if not painful

Have patient remain in a side-lying position for 2-3 mins after administration

63
Q

Ophthalmic

A

Meds are applied to the mucous membranes of the eyes or conjunctiva

Resthandon forehead, drop the medication into the conjunctival sac, and have them close their eyes gently

For ointment apply a thin ribbon to the edge of the lower eyelid

64
Q

Transdermal

A

Patches are applied to the upper torso, chest, upper arms, back, or behind the ear

Allows for the meds to be absorbed slowly, providing prolonged med release

65
Q

Subcutaneous (subcut)

A

Can be self-administered
Max delivery is 1mL-2mL
Slow absorption
Into the subcutaneous tissue
Rotate sites
Pinch skin and insert at 45° to 90° angle
Use 90° for obese clients
25G-27G
Insulin use 28G-31G insulin syringe
3/8-5/8 inch length

66
Q

Intramuscular (IM)

A

Delivered into larger skeletal muscles
Faster absorption compared to PO
Painful
Deltoidsite used frequently for immunization in adults
Injections should be given at 90°
Length may need adjusting depending on the patient’s weight and size
18G-25G (depends on amount and viscosity of medication)

67
Q

Intradermal

A

Injected into Dermis
Usually for Allergies or Tuberculosis
Don’t rub spot after
Max amount: 0.1mL
5°-15° angle in dermis
25G-27G
1/4-5/8 inch length

68
Q

IM Ventrogluteal max fluid

A

3mL

69
Q

IM Deltoid max fluid

A

2mL

70
Q

IM Vastus Lateralis max fluid

A

1mL to 3mL
(can be self administered)

71
Q

Biological Therapies

A

Substances found in nature. Supplements, vitamins, herbs/botanic medications, nutritional supplements, vitamins and minerals, and probiotics

72
Q

Mind Body Therapies

A

Focus on interactions of mind, the body and the brain, to positively affect physical functions and health promotion

Relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis, yoga

73
Q

Manual Therapies

A

Hands on Focus on the structures and systems of the body

Massage, chiropractor, reflexology

74
Q

Bioenergetic
Therapies

A

Manipulation of energy fields.

Veritable (measurable) relies on electromagnetic fields; Magnet therapy or Light therapy

Putative (assumed) is based on the concept that humans possess energy; Healing touch, Theraputic touch, Reiki

75
Q

Movement therapies

A

Use of exercise or activity to promote physical and emotional wellbeing

Pilates and Dance Therapy

76
Q

Alternative Systems

A

Whole medical systems that develop over time and in different cultures separate from western medication practice

Ayurverda, traditional Chinese medicine, Homeopathy, Naturopathy

Nursing Fundamentals (7 decks)

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