unit 3

Question 1

what is a phospholipid made of

Answer 1

a phosphate head (polar), 2 fatty acid tail (non-polar), and a glycerol

Question 2

types of proteins in plasma membrane

Answer 2

intergral and peripheral

Question 3

factors that effect movement across the plasma membrane

Answer 3

size, polarity, concentration gradient

Question 4

why is it called the fluid mosaic model

Answer 4

because it describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components that give the membrane a fluid character

Question 5

difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 5

prokaryotes lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Question 6

difference between passive and active transport

Answer 6

both require protein transporters, active requires ATP and is against the concentration gradient while passive does not require energy and is with the concentration gradient

Question 7

types of endocytosis

Answer 7

pinocytosis (extracellular fluid) and phagocytosis (large molecules)

Question 8

hypotonic vs hypertonic

Answer 8

hypotonic: solute concentration is lower outside of cell then inside cell (water enters cell), Hypertonic: solute concentration is higher outside then inside (water leaves cell)

Question 9

role of ribosomes

Answer 9

to create proteins by converting genetic code into amino acid sequences

Question 10

role of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

to make, process and transport proteins and lipids

Question 11

role of the golgi body

Answer 11

to process and package proteins and lipids, especially for export

Question 12

role of vesicles

Answer 12

to store and transport materials

Question 13

what is exocytosis

Answer 13

the bulk transport of materials outside of a cell

Question 14

what direction what are DNA and RNA synthesised

Answer 14

5’ to 3’

Question 15

what are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 15

messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA

Question 16

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 16

RNA has uracil instead of RNA, RNA is single stranded and it contains a ribose sugar instead of a deoxyribose sugar

Question 17

what is a nucleotide made of

Answer 17

a pentose sugar attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base

Question 18

what is a group of 3 nucleotides call

Answer 18

a codon

Question 19

what are the 3 bases complimentary to a codon called

Answer 19

an anticodon

Question 20

what is the proteome

Answer 20

the complete set or proteins expressed by an organism or cell

Question 21

anabolic vs catabolic

Answer 21

an anabolic reaction requires energy while a catabolic reaction releases energy

Question 22

what are the 4 hierarchical levels or protein structure

Answer 22

primary: the sequence of amino acids
secondary: regular, repeated patterns of folding in the protein (alpha helix, beta pleated sheet and random coil)
tertiary: the overall functional, 3d shape of a protein
quaternary: the presence of 2 or more polypeptide chains in a protein

Question 23

define polymer

Answer 23

a macromolecule consisting of repeating subunits

Question 24

is condensation polymerisation anabolic or catabolic

Answer 24

anabolic

Question 25

what is produced as a result condensation polymerisation

Answer 25

water

Question 26

name the monomer:
proteins
nucleic acids
polysaccharides

Answer 26

amino acids, nucleotides and monosaccharides

Question 27

through which process are nucleic acids and proteins made

Answer 27

condensation polymerisation

Question 28

function of tRNA

Answer 28

carries complimentary amino acids to the ribosomes and adds them to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 29

function of mRNA

Answer 29

carries and transports the genetic material required to build a protein

Question 30

function of rRNA

Answer 30

along with proteins, makes up ribosomes

Question 31

what enzyme catalyses the synthesis of RNA

Answer 31

RNA polymerase

Question 32

what is transcription

Answer 32

the process where a mRNA is produced off of a complimentary DNA strand