Unit 2B - the changing economic world(3. the changing UK economy) Flashcards
1800 employment sector
10% in tertiary sector
15% in secondary sector
75% in primary sector
1900 employment sector
15% in tertiary sector
30% in primary sector
55% in secondary sector
2006 employment sector
2% in primary sector
9% in quaternary sector
15% in secondary sector
74% in tertiary sector
what is the primary sector
involves acquiring raw materials. For example, metals and coal have to be mined, oil drilled from the ground
what is the secondary sector
the manufacturing and assembly process. It involves converting raw materials into components, for example, making plastics from oil
what is the tertiary sector
refers to the commercial services that support the production and distribution process, eg insurance, transport, advertising, warehousing and other services such as teaching and health care.
what is the Quaternary sector
consists of those industries providing information services, such as computing, ICT , offering advice to businesses and research, particularly in scientific fields
why has the economy of the UK changed
de-industrialisation
globalisation
government policies
what is de-industrialisation
The decline in the manufacturing industry. This has happened because:
- machines and technology have replaced employees in factories
- countries, like China, Malaysia and Indonesia, can produce cheaper goods because labour is cheaper
- lack of investment, high labour costs and outdated machinery makes UK products expensive
what is globalisation
the growth and spread of ideas around the world. This can involve the movement or spread of cultures, people, money, goods and information. Globalisation was partly responsible for the growth in the quaternary sector in the UK
UK Government policies 1945-1979
State run industries were brought in state run industries such as National Coal Board, British Rail and British Steel Corporations.
Government money was spent on making declining UK industries better. The 1970s was a decade of strikes and factory closures
UK Government policies 1979-2010
State run industries were sold to private shareholders to create a competitive business environment, this is called privatisation.
New private companies brought innovation and change
UK Government policies 2010 onwards
Rebuilding the manufacturing sector and rely less on the service industries. Improvements to transport and infrastructure, more investment in manufacturing industries, easier access to loans and finance, encouraging global firms to locate within the UK
what is a post industrial economy
Where manufacturing industry declines to be replaced by growth in the service sector and the corresponding development of a quaternary sector
post industrial economy employment
By 2015, 78% of UK employment was in the tertiary sector and 10% in the quaternary sector. Only 10% of employment was in manufacturing compared to 55% in 1900
how has development in IT affected the UK Economy
- internet access enables many people to work from home
- many new businesses are involved in IT
- over 1.3 million people work in the IT sector
- the UK is one of the world’s leading digital economies, attracting businesses and investment from abroad
Service industries and finance
The UK service sector has grown rapidly since 1970. Today it contributes over 79% of UK economic output, compared with 46% in 1948.
The financial services sector accounts for around 10% of the UK’s GDP and Employs over 2 million people.
Research sector
The UK research sector (part of quaternary sector) employs over 60000 qualifies people and it is estimated to contribute over £3 billion to the UK economy
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS)- Case Study
employs over 500 skilled people in Cambridge
what is a science park
a group of scientific and technical knowledge based businesses located on a single site. Around 75000 people work in the UK’s science parks
University of Southampton Science Park-what companies are located in the park
Fibrecore
Symetrica
Photonstar
SEaB Energy Systems
University of Southampton Science Park-what does having good links with the university provide
research facilities and academic talent
University of Southampton Science Park-what do the businesses benefit from
meeting rooms, coffee shops, high speed broadband, a nursery and a healthclub
University of Southampton Science Park- what motorway is the Southampton Science park close to
the M3 motorway
University of Southampton Science Park-which airport is closest to it
Southampton international airport
what is a business park
an area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses. Business parks are usually located on the edge of towns
why are business parks located at the edge of towns
- Land tends to be cheaper than in town centers
- With more land available, it may be cheaper to extend businesses
- Access is better for workers and distribution, use motorways less congestion than town centres
- Businesses can benefit by working together
Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle upon tyne-description
It is the largest Business park in the UK. There are several support facilities including retail outlets and opportunities for recreation, with a fitness centre, cycleways and green spaces. The park is close to the A1 and 20 minutes from the international airport
Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle upon tyne- why is the business park needed
the north east of England has suffered from economic decline as traditional industries have closed down. Businesses locating in Cobalt park therefore qualify for government assistance
how does industry impact on the physical environment
- Manufacturing plants can look very dull and can have a negative visual landscape
- Industrial processes can cause air and water pollution as well as degrading the soil
- the waste products are taken to landfill, they can pollute the air, water and soil
- transport of raw materials and manufacturing products is usually by road, this pollutes the air and damages the environment when widening roads
