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geography > Unit 2B - the changing economic world(3. the changing UK economy) > Flashcards

Unit 2B - the changing economic world(3. the changing UK economy) Flashcards

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1
Q

1800 employment sector

A

10% in tertiary sector
15% in secondary sector
75% in primary sector

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2
Q

1900 employment sector

A

15% in tertiary sector
30% in primary sector
55% in secondary sector

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3
Q

2006 employment sector

A

2% in primary sector
9% in quaternary sector
15% in secondary sector
74% in tertiary sector

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4
Q

what is the primary sector

A

involves acquiring raw materials. For example, metals and coal have to be mined, oil drilled from the ground

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5
Q

what is the secondary sector

A

the manufacturing and assembly process. It involves converting raw materials into components, for example, making plastics from oil

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6
Q

what is the tertiary sector

A

refers to the commercial services that support the production and distribution process, eg insurance, transport, advertising, warehousing and other services such as teaching and health care.

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7
Q

what is the Quaternary sector

A

consists of those industries providing information services, such as computing, ICT , offering advice to businesses and research, particularly in scientific fields

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8
Q

why has the economy of the UK changed

A

de-industrialisation
globalisation
government policies

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9
Q

what is de-industrialisation

A

The decline in the manufacturing industry. This has happened because:

  • machines and technology have replaced employees in factories
  • countries, like China, Malaysia and Indonesia, can produce cheaper goods because labour is cheaper
  • lack of investment, high labour costs and outdated machinery makes UK products expensive
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10
Q

what is globalisation

A

the growth and spread of ideas around the world. This can involve the movement or spread of cultures, people, money, goods and information. Globalisation was partly responsible for the growth in the quaternary sector in the UK

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11
Q

UK Government policies 1945-1979

A

State run industries were brought in state run industries such as National Coal Board, British Rail and British Steel Corporations.
Government money was spent on making declining UK industries better. The 1970s was a decade of strikes and factory closures

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12
Q

UK Government policies 1979-2010

A

State run industries were sold to private shareholders to create a competitive business environment, this is called privatisation.
New private companies brought innovation and change

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13
Q

UK Government policies 2010 onwards

A

Rebuilding the manufacturing sector and rely less on the service industries. Improvements to transport and infrastructure, more investment in manufacturing industries, easier access to loans and finance, encouraging global firms to locate within the UK

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14
Q

what is a post industrial economy

A

Where manufacturing industry declines to be replaced by growth in the service sector and the corresponding development of a quaternary sector

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15
Q

post industrial economy employment

A

By 2015, 78% of UK employment was in the tertiary sector and 10% in the quaternary sector. Only 10% of employment was in manufacturing compared to 55% in 1900

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16
Q

how has development in IT affected the UK Economy

A
  • internet access enables many people to work from home
  • many new businesses are involved in IT
  • over 1.3 million people work in the IT sector
  • the UK is one of the world’s leading digital economies, attracting businesses and investment from abroad
17
Q

Service industries and finance

A

The UK service sector has grown rapidly since 1970. Today it contributes over 79% of UK economic output, compared with 46% in 1948.
The financial services sector accounts for around 10% of the UK’s GDP and Employs over 2 million people.

18
Q

Research sector

A

The UK research sector (part of quaternary sector) employs over 60000 qualifies people and it is estimated to contribute over £3 billion to the UK economy

19
Q

The British Antarctic Survey (BAS)- Case Study

A

employs over 500 skilled people in Cambridge

20
Q

what is a science park

A

a group of scientific and technical knowledge based businesses located on a single site. Around 75000 people work in the UK’s science parks

21
Q

University of Southampton Science Park-what companies are located in the park

A

Fibrecore
Symetrica
Photonstar
SEaB Energy Systems

22
Q

University of Southampton Science Park-what does having good links with the university provide

A

research facilities and academic talent

23
Q

University of Southampton Science Park-what do the businesses benefit from

A

meeting rooms, coffee shops, high speed broadband, a nursery and a healthclub

24
Q

University of Southampton Science Park- what motorway is the Southampton Science park close to

A

the M3 motorway

25
Q

University of Southampton Science Park-which airport is closest to it

A

Southampton international airport

26
Q

what is a business park

A

an area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses. Business parks are usually located on the edge of towns

27
Q

why are business parks located at the edge of towns

A
  • Land tends to be cheaper than in town centers
  • With more land available, it may be cheaper to extend businesses
  • Access is better for workers and distribution, use motorways less congestion than town centres
  • Businesses can benefit by working together
28
Q

Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle upon tyne-description

A

It is the largest Business park in the UK. There are several support facilities including retail outlets and opportunities for recreation, with a fitness centre, cycleways and green spaces. The park is close to the A1 and 20 minutes from the international airport

29
Q

Cobalt Business Park, Newcastle upon tyne- why is the business park needed

A

the north east of England has suffered from economic decline as traditional industries have closed down. Businesses locating in Cobalt park therefore qualify for government assistance

30
Q

how does industry impact on the physical environment

A
  • Manufacturing plants can look very dull and can have a negative visual landscape
  • Industrial processes can cause air and water pollution as well as degrading the soil
  • the waste products are taken to landfill, they can pollute the air, water and soil
  • transport of raw materials and manufacturing products is usually by road, this pollutes the air and damages the environment when widening roads

geography (18 decks)

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