Unit 2B - the changing economic world(2. nigeria: a newly-emerging economy)

Question 1

African Union

Answer 1

An organisation of 54 countries, formed to encourage co-operation between African nations.

Question 2

Balanced economy

Answer 2

An economy where there is an even balance between the employment sectors which form a country’s economy.

Question 3

CEN-SAD (Community of Sahel-Saharan States)

Answer 3

A trading group of West and Central African countries bordering the Sahara Desert.

Question 4

Commercial farming

Answer 4

The growing of crops or raising of livestock for profit, often involving vast areas of land

Question 5

Commonwealth

Answer 5

A voluntary association of 53 independent and equal sovereign states, most being former British colonies.

Question 6

Deforestation

Answer 6

The cutting down and removal of trees.

Question 7

Developmental aid

Answer 7

Long-term support given by charities, governments and multi-lateral organisations, which aims to improve quality of life.

Question 8

ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)

Answer 8

A trading group of West African countries.

Question 9

Emergency aid

Answer 9

Short-term aid that takes the form of food, water, medical supplies and shelter

Question 10

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Answer 10

The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Question 11

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer 11

A method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview.

This combined measure of development uses economic and social indicators to produce an index figure, which allows easier comparison between countries.

Question 12

Employment structure

Answer 12

The relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy.

Question 13

International aid

Answer 13

Money, goods and services given by single governments or an organisation like the World Bank or IMF to help the quality of life and economy of another country.

Question 14

Life expectancy

Answer 14

The average number of years a person is expected to live.

Question 15

Manufacturing

Answer 15

Making goods by processing raw materials.

Question 16

Mining

Answer 16

The extraction of raw materials from the ground.

Question 17

Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)

Answer 17

Countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually along with rapid industrialisation.

They differ from LICs in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture (or the primary sector of their economy as a whole), have made gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and high levels of investment. E.g. Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (the so-called BRICS countries, the original NEEs).

Question 18

Oil spills

Answer 18

The accidental leakage of oil from rigs or refineries into the surrounding area, resulting in severe environmental damage and pollution.

Question 19

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Answer 19

An organisation that aims to stabilise the price of oil and ensure a regular supply.

Question 20

Primary products

Answer 20

Unprocessed agricultural products or raw materials extracted from the earth

Question 21

Primary sector

Answer 21

An employment sector that includes farming, mining and other related activities.

This sector is responsible for the production of raw materials. As a country develops the proportion of its population working in this sector decreases.

Question 22

Quality of life

Answer 22

How good a person’s life is, as measured by such things as quality of housing and environment, access to education, health care, security and levels of happiness.

Question 23

Secondary sector

Answer 23

An employment sector that involves manufacturing.

Question 24

Tertiary sector

Answer 24

An employment sector that is the portion of the economy that includes service industries, such as health care, offices, financial services and retailing.

An example job in this sector is teaching.

Question 25

Transnational corporation (TNC)

Answer 25

A company that has operations (factories, offices, research and development, shops) in more than one country.

Many TNCs are large and have well‐known brands, such as Royal Dutch Shell (commonly known as Shell) , an oil company that operates in Nigeria.