Unit 2B - the changing economic world (1. the development gap) Flashcards
Development gap
The difference in levels of economic and social wellbeing between the richest and poorest people on the planet.
GDP
Gross Domestic Product. The value goods and services produced by a country divided by its total population. Foreign income is not included.
GNP
Gross National Product. The value of goods and services produced by citizens of the country in a year.
GNI
Gross National Income. The total value of goods and services produced within a country including income received from and payments made to other countries.
Rich industrialising countries
Wealthy countries whose manufacturing industry is declining. eg UK
Oil exporting countries
Few very rich people from oil exports but majority very poor. eg UAE
NICs
Countries that have developed rapidly in recent years. eg India, China, Mexico
Heavily indebted poor countries
The world’s poorest countries who took loans in the past and now are unable to pay them off, which makes it very hard to develop. eg African countries
HDI
Human development index. An index based on three variables - life expectancy at birth; level of education; purchasing power parity. Maximum HDI is 1.
Development measure
Statistics used to show the level of development, which allows countries to be compared
Infant mortality rate
The number of babies that die under a year of age per 1,000 live births.
Literacy rate
The percentage of adults in a country who can read and
Birth rate
The number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
Death rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year.
People per doctor
The average number of people for each doctor in a country.
Access to safe water
The percentage of people who have access to safe water.
Life expectancy
The average age a person can expect to live, measured at birth.§
Standard of living
The level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area.
PQLI
Physical quality of life index. The average of three social indicators - literacy rate, life expectancy and infant mortality.
Debt repayment
Paying back money borrowed to support development to banks or governments.
Conservation swaps
Agreements made between countries where some debts are written off in exchange for conservation projects being done.
Fair trade
A system whereby agricultural producers in countries at lesser stages of development are paid a fair price for their produce to help them attain a reasonable standard of living.
Short term aid
Aid given to relieve a disaster situation.
Long term aid
Aid given over a long period, which aims to promote economic development.
