Unit 2.5 Flashcards
States of Consciousness, Sleep and Dream Theory, psychoactive drugs
evolutionary psychology
module 15
natural selection
mutation
How are Belyaev and Trut’s fox-breeding experiments similar to and different from the way natural selection normally occurs?
According to evolutionary psychology, how can male-female differences in sexuality and mating preferences be explained?
“men pair widely, women pair wisely”
What are the 3 main criticisms of evolutionary psychology?
1) hindsight explanation
2) excuses bad behavior on account of “sexual programming”
3)
social script
biopsychosocial theory
states of consciousness
module 22
conscious
nonconscious
preconscious
subconscious
unconscious
conscious
info about yourself and your surroundings/environment that you’re currently aware of
nonconscious
info abt autonomic bodily processes that we’re not usually aware of
(heartbeat, breathing, digesting)
preconscious
info about yourself + enviro that you’re not CURRENTLY aware of but could be if prompted
unconscious
associated with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
info not desired to be known - repressed from conscious mind, so exists in unconscious
subconscious
info not consciously aware of but we know must exist because of behavior
associated with mere exposure effect and priming
mere exposure effect
priming
beta waves
module 23
waves of someone who is wide awake
Our biological sleep rhythms are tied to a 24-hour day because…
module 23
of our circadian rhythms being tied to light (day) and no light (night) cycles
Stages of Sleep
Pass through 4-6 times during normal night’s sleep
NREM-1, NREM-2, N-REM3, REM
then cycle starts over
NREM-1
brief (~20 min) period characterized by slowed breathing and alpha waves
hallucinations and hypnagogic sensations (bizzare feelings like falling or floating) experienced
lengthens as night goes on
NREM-2
more deeply relaxed nd clearly asleep
periodic sleep spindles (rapid rhythmic brain wave activity)
lengthens as night goes on
NREM-3
deep sleep
delta waves
shortens as night goes on
REM
external calm (near paralysis) but internal arousal
where most vivid dreaming occurs
lengthens as night goes on
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase folowing REM sleep deprivation (repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
EEG
electroencephalogram that’s used for sleep studies
insomnia
module 24
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
night terrors
somnambulism
dream
alpha waves
delta waves
circadian rhythm
suprachiasmatic nucleus
insomnia
module 24
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
night terrors
sleep disorder that causes the sleeper to wake from NREM-3 sleep suddenly with feelings of extreme fear, agitation, or dread
increased heartbeat+breathing
somnambulism
dream
a state of consciousness characterized by sensory, cognitive and emotional occurrences during sleep
manifest vs latent content
Freud’s wish-fulfillment dream theory
activation-synthesis dream theory
information processing dream theory
physiological function dream theory
cognitive development dream theory
tolerance
module 25
neuroadaptation to drug’s effect (as a result of continuous use) means tolerance developed
requires larger and larger doses to get the same effect as before - leads to higher risk of substance use disorder
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
withdrawal
discomfort and distress associated with stopping an addictive drug
physical dependence
neurological tolerance, withdrawal symptoms alleviated by use of a substance
psychological dependence
feel intense desire for addictive substance - think they need it for survival
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.
What are the stimulants selected for testing by AP Psych?
Caffeine, methamphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy
What are the depressants selected for testing by AP Psych?
alcohol, heroin, barbiturates, opiates
What are the hallucinogens selected for testing by AP Psych?
marijuana, ecstasy, LSD
stimulants
arouse the autonomic nervous system
caffeine: alert+awake BUT restlessness+insomnia, uncomfortable withdrawal
cocaine: euphoria+confidence+energy BUT cardiovascular stress, depressive crash
amphetamines: euphoria+alert+energy BUT irrability+insomnia, seizures
nicotine: relaxation+well-being BUT heart disease and lung cancer
depressants
slow down autonomic nervous system and reduce neural activity
alcohol: initial high and then relax+no inhibitions BUT depression, memory loss, organ dmg, impaired reactions
heroin (a kind of opiate): euphoria+pain relief BUT depression, agonizing withdrawal
barbiturates: reduce anxiety and induce sleep BUT deadly when combined with alcohol
hallucinogens
causes sensory distortions
marijuana: enhanced sensation, distortion of time, paradoxical decrease in tolerance with increased use BUT impaired learning and memory, lung dmg from smoke
ecstasy (MDMA): emotional elevation+disinhibition (also a stimulant) BUT dehydration and depression
