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AP Psych 23-24 > Unit 2.5 > Flashcards

Unit 2.5 Flashcards

States of Consciousness, Sleep and Dream Theory, psychoactive drugs

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1
Q

evolutionary psychology

module 15

A
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2
Q

natural selection

A
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3
Q

mutation

A
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4
Q

How are Belyaev and Trut’s fox-breeding experiments similar to and different from the way natural selection normally occurs?

A
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5
Q

According to evolutionary psychology, how can male-female differences in sexuality and mating preferences be explained?

A

“men pair widely, women pair wisely”

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6
Q

What are the 3 main criticisms of evolutionary psychology?

A

1) hindsight explanation
2) excuses bad behavior on account of “sexual programming”
3)

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7
Q

social script

A
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8
Q

biopsychosocial theory

A
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9
Q

states of consciousness

module 22

A

conscious
nonconscious
preconscious
subconscious
unconscious

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10
Q

conscious

A

info about yourself and your surroundings/environment that you’re currently aware of

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11
Q

nonconscious

A

info abt autonomic bodily processes that we’re not usually aware of
(heartbeat, breathing, digesting)

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12
Q

preconscious

A

info about yourself + enviro that you’re not CURRENTLY aware of but could be if prompted

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13
Q

unconscious

A

associated with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
info not desired to be known - repressed from conscious mind, so exists in unconscious

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14
Q

subconscious

A

info not consciously aware of but we know must exist because of behavior
associated with mere exposure effect and priming

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15
Q

mere exposure effect

A
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16
Q

priming

A
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17
Q

beta waves

module 23

A

waves of someone who is wide awake

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18
Q

Our biological sleep rhythms are tied to a 24-hour day because…

module 23

A

of our circadian rhythms being tied to light (day) and no light (night) cycles

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19
Q

Stages of Sleep

A

Pass through 4-6 times during normal night’s sleep
NREM-1, NREM-2, N-REM3, REM
then cycle starts over

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20
Q

NREM-1

A

brief (~20 min) period characterized by slowed breathing and alpha waves
hallucinations and hypnagogic sensations (bizzare feelings like falling or floating) experienced
lengthens as night goes on

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21
Q

NREM-2

A

more deeply relaxed nd clearly asleep
periodic sleep spindles (rapid rhythmic brain wave activity)
lengthens as night goes on

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22
Q

NREM-3

A

deep sleep
delta waves
shortens as night goes on

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23
Q

REM

A

external calm (near paralysis) but internal arousal
where most vivid dreaming occurs
lengthens as night goes on

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24
Q

REM rebound

A

the tendency for REM sleep to increase folowing REM sleep deprivation (repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

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25
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram that’s used for sleep studies

26
Q

insomnia

module 24

A
27
Q

narcolepsy

A
28
Q

sleep apnea

A
29
Q

night terrors

A
30
Q

somnambulism

A
31
Q

dream

A
32
Q

alpha waves

A
33
Q

delta waves

A
34
Q

circadian rhythm

A
35
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A
36
Q

insomnia

module 24

A
37
Q

narcolepsy

A
38
Q

sleep apnea

A
39
Q

night terrors

A

sleep disorder that causes the sleeper to wake from NREM-3 sleep suddenly with feelings of extreme fear, agitation, or dread
increased heartbeat+breathing

40
Q

somnambulism

A
41
Q

dream

A

a state of consciousness characterized by sensory, cognitive and emotional occurrences during sleep

42
Q

manifest vs latent content

A
43
Q

Freud’s wish-fulfillment dream theory

A
44
Q

activation-synthesis dream theory

A
45
Q

information processing dream theory

A
46
Q

physiological function dream theory

A
47
Q

cognitive development dream theory

A
48
Q

tolerance

module 25

A

neuroadaptation to drug’s effect (as a result of continuous use) means tolerance developed
requires larger and larger doses to get the same effect as before - leads to higher risk of substance use disorder

49
Q

psychoactive drug

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

50
Q

withdrawal

A

discomfort and distress associated with stopping an addictive drug

51
Q

physical dependence

A

neurological tolerance, withdrawal symptoms alleviated by use of a substance

52
Q

psychological dependence

A

feel intense desire for addictive substance - think they need it for survival

53
Q

addiction

A

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

54
Q

What are the stimulants selected for testing by AP Psych?

A

Caffeine, methamphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy

55
Q

What are the depressants selected for testing by AP Psych?

A

alcohol, heroin, barbiturates, opiates

56
Q

What are the hallucinogens selected for testing by AP Psych?

A

marijuana, ecstasy, LSD

57
Q

stimulants

A

arouse the autonomic nervous system
caffeine: alert+awake BUT restlessness+insomnia, uncomfortable withdrawal
cocaine: euphoria+confidence+energy BUT cardiovascular stress, depressive crash
amphetamines: euphoria+alert+energy BUT irrability+insomnia, seizures
nicotine: relaxation+well-being BUT heart disease and lung cancer

58
Q

depressants

A

slow down autonomic nervous system and reduce neural activity
alcohol: initial high and then relax+no inhibitions BUT depression, memory loss, organ dmg, impaired reactions
heroin (a kind of opiate): euphoria+pain relief BUT depression, agonizing withdrawal
barbiturates: reduce anxiety and induce sleep BUT deadly when combined with alcohol

59
Q

hallucinogens

A

causes sensory distortions
marijuana: enhanced sensation, distortion of time, paradoxical decrease in tolerance with increased use BUT impaired learning and memory, lung dmg from smoke
ecstasy (MDMA): emotional elevation+disinhibition (also a stimulant) BUT dehydration and depression

60
Q
A
60
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A
61
Q
A

AP Psych 23-24 (10 decks)

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